核电用铁素体/马氏体耐热钢的性能与成分研究进展  

Research Progress on Properties and Composition of Ferritic/MartensiticHeat-resistant Steels for Nuclear Power

作　　者：牛犇 王镇华 潘钱付[2] 刘超红[2] 王清[1] 董闯[1] NIU Ben;WANG Zhenhua;PAN Qianfu;LIU Chaohong;WANG Qing;DONG Chuang(Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser,Ion and Electron Beams(Ministry of Education)&School of Material Science and Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory,Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu 610213,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学三束材料改性教育部重点实验室&材料科学与工程学院,大连116024 [2]中国核动力研究设计院反应堆燃料及材料重点实验室,成都610213

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第19期19141-19151,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1867201,91860108);国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0702400);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(DUT19LAB01)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着核电系统的不断发展,作为第四代核反应堆体系主要堆型的铅冷快中子反应堆(LFR)因其良好的导热性和中子经济性而成为目前研究的热点。为了优化铅铋冷却剂中包壳材料的腐蚀和辐照性能,作为火力发电重要高温结构材料的9%~12%Cr铁素体/马氏体钢(F/M)因良好的抗腐蚀性和耐辐照肿胀性能而成为铅冷快中子反应堆的候选包壳材料。然而,铁素体/马氏体耐热钢作为候选包壳材料,在服役过程中由于承受核燃料裂变带来的高温和辐照会加剧材料的腐蚀,同时辐照会进一步加剧材料的高温组织不稳定性,进而影响材料的高温力学性能。对于以上问题,近年来研究者主要从成分和工艺的角度出发,在9%~12%Cr F/M钢的基础上通过调整微量元素的添加以及改变热处理工艺,来设计满足服役要求的F/M钢合金体系,目前已经形成了Cr-Mo和Cr-W两种体系。研究结果表明,微量元素的添加对F/M钢的高温组织稳定性和力学性能至关重要;热处理方式的改变可以实现强度与塑性的良好匹配。本文系统总结了F/M钢各方面性能的研究进展,包括力学性能、耐腐蚀性能、抗辐照性能以及组织稳定性;进而归纳出合金性能与其成分之间的演化规律;最后,利用基于固溶体溶质化学短程序特征的团簇式成分设计方法探索了现有F/M钢的合金成分演化规律,提出了改良低活化F/M钢的多元团簇式合金成分,并结合热力学计算,有望发展出高性能多元合金化的F/M钢。Recently,with the continuous development of nuclear power systems,the main stack type lead-cooled fast neutron reactor(LFR)as the fourth-generation nuclear reactor system has become a hot research topic due to its good thermal conductivity and neutron economy.In order to improve the corrosion and irradiation properties of the cladding material in lead-bismuth coolant,9%—12%Cr ferritic/martensitic(F/M)steels,as an important high-temperature structural material for thermal power generation,have become a candidate cladding material for lead-cooled fast neutron reactors due to their good resistance to corrosion and radiation-resistant swelling properties.However,as a candidate cladding material,the corrosion of ferritic/martensitic heat-resistant steels will increase due to the high temperature and irradiation caused by fission of nuclear fuel during service.Under irradiation conditions,the high temperature structural instability of the mate-rial is further aggravated to affect the high temperature mechanical properties of the material.As regards the above problems,researchers have mainly designed two different F/M steels systems(Cr-Mo and Cr-W)from the perspective of composition and process to satisfy the service requirements by adjusting the addition of trace elements on the basis of 9%—12%Cr F/M steels and changing the heat treatment method.The results show that the addition of trace elements plays a key role in improving the microstructural stability and mechanical properties of F/M steels.A change in the heat treatment process can achieve a good commbination between strength and ductility.The present work summarizes the research progress on various properties of F/M steels systematically,including mechanical properties,corrosion and irradiation-resistance properties,as well as microstructural stabilities.Then,the relationship between alloy properties and composition of F/M steels was generalized.Finally,a cluster formula approach for compositional design for multi-component alloys was used to explore the var

关 键 词：金属材料 铁素体/马氏体钢 辐照性能 微观组织 成分设计 

分 类 号：TG142[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]