基于景观生态学的城市人居环境代谢研究范式与研究框架建构  

Paradigm and framework construction of metabolism of urban human settlement based on landscape ecology

作　　者：李枝坚 张晓刚 曾辉 常文静 LI Zhijian;ZHANG Xiaogang;ZENG Hui;CHANG Wenjing(Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University,Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院城市规划与设计学院,深圳518055

出　　处：《生态学报》2020年第19期6738-6748,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505801)。

摘　　要：人居环境建设已经成为中国城市发展和当代生态学研究的新兴命题,基于物质代谢研究成果,系统剖析城市人居环境问题,提升城市化过程的生态文明水准成为推动新型城市化发展的重要路径选择。通过对人居环境视角和社会代谢视角的城市研究进行简要回顾,认为两种视角的有机整合可以弥补各自的理论和方法论缺陷,进而凝练出新的城市生态学研究思路。利用景观生态学理论和概念体系,建构了多层次、多维度的城市人居环境代谢研究范式和基本研究框架。这一范式可以从多尺度和多维度反映城市人居环境代谢的过程特征,厘清城市人为活动和各种资源环境问题的关联关系,整合多学科的知识和技术手段,解析城市人居环境的时空动态演化过程及其驱动机制,为城市人居环境研究学科的发展创造有利条件。通过建构基于景观生态学的城市人居环境物质能量代谢研究框架,还可以有效推进城市人居环境物质能量代谢中的格局⁃过程⁃尺度耦合问题,数据采集、储存与分析问题和效应调控与过程管理问题的研究,对于完善城市代谢研究方法,促进城市人居环境建设具有重要的参考和借鉴意义。The construction of human settlement has become an emerging issue in urban development and ecology in China.Using material metabolism to analyze urban human settlement and improve ecological civilization during the urbanization has become an important way to promote modern urbanization development.By reviewing the urban studies from the perspectives of human settlement and social metabolism,we propose that these two perspectives are complementary regarding their respective theories and methodologies,and the combination of them will provide a holistic understanding of urban ecology.Using theories of landscape ecology,we construct a multi⁃level and multi⁃dimensional paradigm and framework to study the metabolisms of urban human settlements.This paradigm can reflect the process characteristics of urban human settlement metabolism from multiple scales and dimensions;clarify the correlations between anthropogenic activities and the resource and environmental issues;integrate multi⁃disciplinary knowledge and technologies;analyze the spatiotemporal variations in urban human settlements and the driving factors;and thus favor the knowledge advances for urban human settlements.The landscape ecology⁃based framework can effectively identify the pattern⁃process⁃scale coupling problems in the metabolisms of urban human settlements,provide tools for data collection,storage and analysis,impact control,and process management.The paradigm and framework provide a valuable reference in methodology improvement of urban metabolism and future construction of urban human settlements.

关 键 词：城市代谢 人居环境 等级斑块动态范式 物质流 能量流 

分 类 号：TU984.1[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]