无线传感器网络部分覆盖和数据收集算法  

Partial Coverage and Data Collection Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

作　　者：魏博垚 唐晓岚[1] 陈文龙[1] WEI Bo-yao;TANG Xiao-lan;CHEN Wen-long(College of Information Engineering,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学信息工程学院,北京100048

出　　处：《小型微型计算机系统》2020年第10期2116-2121,共6页Journal of Chinese Computer Systems

基　　金：北京市教委科技计划一般项目(KM201810028017)资助。

摘　　要：在无线传感器网络中,随机部署传感器节点导致节点的监测区域相互重叠,产生大量的监测冗余.针对部分覆盖目标场景即可满足监测需求的应用,如何激活尽可能少的节点以满足部分覆盖要求并保证网络连通性,是研究的难点.本文将目标场景划分为多个区域,在区域内依据最大独立集选择感知节点,然后跨区域建立树结构实现数据收集.首先采用网格模型计算节点监测面积和监测冗余,据此计算最大独立集,再按照节点的监测冗余与监测贡献面积来增删少量节点以达到监测要求,最终通过激活较少的感知节点实现部分覆盖.进而建立各区域感知节点到sink节点的数据收集树结构,对于不能加入树中的区域通过激活辅助传输节点来实现连通.除感知节点和辅助传输节点以外,其他节点进入休眠状态,从而节省能量,延长网络生命期.仿真结果表明,相较其他方法,本文提出的方法能够激活较少的节点来满足部分覆盖要求,降低能量消耗.In w ireless sensor netw orks,the random deployment of sensor nodes causes the overlap of sensing areas and hence leads to the redundancy of sensing area.With regard to the applications w hich require a partial coverage of target scenario,how to activate as few nodes as possible to meet the partial coverage requirement and to guarantee the netw ork connectivity is a difficult problem.In this paper,the target scenario is divided into several areas.In each area,the sensing nodes are selected based on the maximum independent set,and then a tree structure is constructed across all the areas to collect data.First,the sensing area and the redundancy of sensing area are calculated by using the gird model,and the maximum independent set is computed accordingly.Then few nodes are added or deleted by considering the redundancy of sensing area and the coverage contribution in order to meet the monitoring requirement.Finally,a small number of sensing nodes are activated to achieve partial coverage.Furthermore,all the sensing nodes in different areas are combined together to construct a tree to connect the sink and all areas for data collection.For those areas w hich cannot join the tree,some supplement transmission nodes are activated to guarantee the connectivity.Except for the sensing nodes and the supplement transmission nodes,other nodes turn to sleep state so as to save energy and prolong the netw ork lifetime.Simulation results show that,compared w ith other approaches,this scheme selects few er nodes to meet the partial coverage requirement and thus reduces the energy consumption.

关 键 词：无线传感器网络 部分覆盖 数据收集 最大独立集 

分 类 号：TP393[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]