环境矿物学研究进展(2011~2020年)  

Research Progress of Environmental Mineralogy(2011-2020)

作　　者：鲁安怀[1] 王长秋[1] 李艳[1] LU An-huai;WANG Chang-qiu;LI Yan(Beijing Key Laboratory of Mineral Environmental Function,School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,矿物环境功能北京市重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2020年第5期881-898,I0002,共19页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

摘　　要：环境矿物学聚焦矿物所禀赋的环境属性,研究矿物在记录环境、影响环境、评价环境、治理环境以及参与生物作用等方面的功能及其中蕴涵的理论方法。环境矿物学研究一方面为治理全球环境污染和生态破坏提供重要理论指导和技术支撑,同时也有助于深刻理解地球物质演化、生命起源进化及全球环境演变的宏观过程等重大理论问题。2011~2020这十年间,我国学者在矿物日光催化及其与微生物协同作用、纳米矿物及其改性产物的环境功能、生物矿化作用等研究领域获得了新认识,提出了自然界矿物光电子能量、光电能微生物等新观点,发现了半导体矿物与微生物胞外电子传递的新机制。本文从地表多圈层交互作用产物“矿物膜”的环境属性、矿物与微生物交互作用的环境效应、纳米矿物及其环境功能、生物矿化作用及其环境效应以及人体病理性矿化作用等方面,综述了近十年我国环境矿物学研究的进展,并展望了环境矿物学的发展方向。Environmental mineralogy focuses on the environmental properties of minerals and studies the functions of minerals in recording environment changes,impacting on environment damage,evaluating environment quality,governing environment pollution and participating in biological interaction,as well as the theoretical methods contained therein.On the one hand,the study of environmental mineralogy provides important theoretical guidance and technical support for the treatment of global environmental pollution and ecological damage.On the other hand,it also helps to understand the major theoretical issues,such as the evolution of terrestrial materials,the origin and evolution of life and the macro process of global environmental evolution.During the decade of 2011-2020,Chinese scholars have acquired new understanding in the research fields of mineral photocatalysis and its synergism with microorganisms,environmental function of nano-minerals and their modified products,and biomineralization.They have put forward new viewpoints of photoelectric energy of natural minerals,photoelectric microorganism,and found new mechanisms of extracellular electron transfer between semiconductor minerals and microorganisms.In this paper,the research progress of environmental mineralogy in China in the recent decade has been reviewed from the aspects of environmental properties of“mineral membrane”produced by the in-teraction of multiple spheres on the Earth surface,environmental effects of interactions between minerals and microorgan-isms,nano-minerals and their environmental functions,biomineralization and its environmental effects,and pathological mineralization,and development directions of environmental mineralogy have been prospected.

关 键 词：环境矿物学 矿物环境属性 纳米矿物 矿物与微生物 生物矿化作用 

分 类 号：P57[天文地球—矿物学]