淀粉基塑料制备与降解性能的现状与进展  

Progress in Preparation and Degradation of Starch-Based Plastics

作　　者：严海彪 胡慧 金科 YAN Haibiao;HU Hui;JIN Ke(Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry,School of Materials and Chemical Engineering,Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430068,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北工业大学,材料与化学工程学院,绿色轻工材料湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430068

出　　处：《塑料》2020年第5期96-101,共6页Plastics

摘　　要：淀粉基塑料的研发对取代传统石油基塑料,扩大在农业生产和生活等方面的应用有重要意义。由于淀粉本身存在结构缺陷,在热加工和生产使用时均受到了局限。近年来,人们通过制备热塑性淀粉实现了淀粉的热加工,并通过改性的手段提高了热塑性淀粉的性能。目前,以淀粉为原料,经过改性或共混的方法制备的生物可降解材料及其应用存在成本较高、市场竞争能力较弱和社会认可程度较低等缺陷,相关产业化进程仍处于起步阶段。简述了通过不同种类增塑剂增塑制备热塑性淀粉的特点,重点介绍了热塑性淀粉通过与生物胶、生物可降解聚酯及其他生物可降解材料共混,制备淀粉基塑料的方法及提高共混物相容性的物理和化学方法,总结了淀粉基塑料降解性能的研究方法。最后,提出了提高相容性和流动性是淀粉基塑料未来发展的重要方向和思路。The development of starch-based plastics is of great significance in replacing traditional petroleum-based plastics and promoting them in agricultural production and life applications. Recently,thermal processing of starch has been realized by preparing thermoplastic starch and the performance of thermoplastic starch has been improved through modification.At current period,biodegradable materials prepared by modifying or blending methods using starch as raw materials have many problems,such as high cost,weak market competitiveness,and low social recognition. The related industrialization process is still in its infancy. In this article,the methods of preparing thermoplastic starch through plastifying by different kinds of plasticizers are briefly compared. The methods of preparing starch-based plastic by blending thermoplastic starch with biological glue,biodegradable polyester and other biodegradable materials are summarized,the methods for improving the mechanical behavior and compatibility of the blends through extending the length of molecular chain are proposed as well. Also the study of the degradation of starch-based plastic is concluded. In the future,increasing the compatibility and fluidity of starch-based plastics is an important direction and idea for the starch-based plastics development.

关 键 词：淀粉基塑料 增塑剂 生物可降解材料 相容性 降解性能 

分 类 号：TQ321.2[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]