聚乳酸改性及其应用进展  

Progress in Modification of Polylactic Acid and Its Application

作　　者：杨菊香[1] 曾莎 贾园[1] 李孟晨 YANG Juxiang;ZENG Sha;JIA Yuan;LI Mengchen(College of Chemical Engineering,Xi'an University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安文理学院,化学工程学院,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《塑料》2020年第5期102-107,共6页Plastics

基　　金：西安市科技计划(2019KJWL01);国家级大学生创新创业计划(201911080012)。

摘　　要：聚乳酸(PLA)具有高强度、高模量、良好的气味隔绝性能以及优异的生物降解性和相容性,在石化聚合物领域中的应用较为广泛。但是,传统的PLA耐热性较差、韧性有限,一定程度上限制了其应用范围,因此,需要对其进行改性。文章在总结了PLA材料性能的基础上,综述了近年来对PLA材料的耐热性能、韧性及生物降解性能的改性方法,主要包括添加成核剂、纤维材料、复合改性等对其耐热性能的改性;添加增塑剂、增韧剂等对其韧性的改性;及通过化学结构设计、酸碱共混等方法对其可降解性能的改性。同时,研究了PLA在生物医学、包装/涂料、电子电器等方面的应用,并展望了其未来的研究发展方向。Polylactic acid(PLA)has high strength,high modulus,good odor isolation and excellent biodegradability and compatibility,thus it has a relatively broad application prospect in the field of petrochemical polymers.However,due to its poor heat resistance and limited toughness,it is necessary to modify the polylactic acid to further expand its application scope.On the basis of summarizing the properties of PLA,the methods of optimizing and modifying the heat resistance,toughness and biodegradation properties of PLA in recent years were also summarized,including the modification of the heat resistance of PLA by adding nucleating agent,fiber material and composite modification,and the enhancement of toughness of PLA by adding plasticizer,toughening agent,and the improvement of degradability by adding chemical structure design,acid-base blending and other methods.At the same time,the application of PLA in biomedicine,packaging/coating,electronics and electrical appliances was discussed,and the research and development direction of PLA was prospected in the future.

关 键 词：改性聚乳酸 耐热性 韧性 生物降解性 相容性 

分 类 号：TQ323.4[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]