知觉者与行为者贫富对自发特质推理的影响  

The Influence of Perceivers’ and Actors’ Rich or Poor States on Spontaneous Trait Inferences

作　　者：方永超 王美芳 杨峰 史文凤[3] Fang Yongchao;Wang Meifang;Yang Feng;Shi Wenfeng(College of Elementary Education,Capital Normal University,Beijing,100048;College of Teacher Education,Taishan University,Taian,271000;School of Psychology,Shandong Normal University,Shandong,250014)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学初等教育学院,北京100048 [2]泰山学院教师教育学院,泰安271000 [3]山东师范大学心理学院,山东250014

出　　处：《心理科学》2020年第5期1162-1168,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：科技创新服务能力建设-基本科研业务费(科研类19530050157)的资助。

摘　　要：本研究采用探测词再认范式,分3个研究考察了知觉者和行为者的贫富对个体自发特质推理的影响。研究1发现富裕启动条件下的被试更可能进行自发特质推理。研究2考察了行为者贫富标签激活的相应的贫富刻板印象对自发特质推理的影响,发现被试更有可能对富人刻板一致的行为句子进行自发特质推理。研究3考察了知觉者和行为者贫富对自发特质推理的交互影响,结果发现仅富裕启动条件下的被试更可能对富人刻板一致句子进行自发特质推理。上述结果表明贫富能够影响个体的自发特质推理,同时也为自发特质推理发生的灵活性提供了新证据。Spontaneous Trait Inferences(STIs) are trait inferences that occur unintentionally, almost effortlessly, and usually without awareness, simply from exposure to behaviors that imply traits. Prior research has demonstrated that the salient features(e.g., gender) of both the actors and perceivers influence the formation of STIs. Money is a fundamental part of our social life and has been found to have profound effects on people’s thoughts, feelings, motivations, and behaviors. However, little attention has been paid to whether the perceivers’ and actors’ rich or poor states affect the formation of individuals’ STIs. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine the influence of the perceivers’ and actors’ rich or poor states on individuals’ STIs.To be specific, using a probe recognition paradigm, three studies were performed to examine the influence of perceivers’ and actors’ rich or poor states on STIs. Study 1 examined the effects of the perceivers’ rich and poor states on the formation of STIs. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions that were manipulated in two steps. Each participant first played the board game Monopoly with an experimenter. After 7 min, the game was cleared except for differing amounts of play money. Participants in the high-money condition were left with a large amount of Monopoly money($2000), and participants in the low-money condition were left with restricted amount of Monopoly money($50). For high and lowmoney participants, the play money remained in view for the second part of the manipulation. At this step, participants were asked to imagine a future with abundant finances(high money) or with strained finances(low money). Finally, all the participants completed a memory task. It was found that participants with high money priming(the rich perceiver) were more likely to draw STIs from behaviors than participants with low money priming(the poor perceiver). Study 2 examined whether the rich/poor stereotypes associated with the actor’s rich/poor

关 键 词：自发特质推理 贫富 知觉者 行为者 社会认知 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]