“图腾制度”为范式的宗教起源研究及其批判——以涂尔干与列维·斯特劳斯为中心  

Research and Criticism on the Origin of Religion with"Totem System"as the Paradigm:Centered on Durkheim and Levi Strauss

作　　者：马建强[1] MA Jianqiang(Journal Editorial Department,Hubei University,Wuhan 524088,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学学报编辑部,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《铜仁学院学报》2020年第5期107-113,共7页Journal of Tongren University

摘　　要：“图腾制度”是涂尔干在《宗教生活的基本形式》中确立的研究范式,在此基础上涂尔干展开了他的宗教社会学研究。涂尔干试图通过科学与实证的研究方式,以“图腾制度”这一范式论证宗教与社会的统一性。法国结构主义人类学家列维·斯特劳斯在《图腾制度》一书中总结了不少西方人类学学者对“图腾制度”提出的种种异议,进而提出了他本人对于“图腾制度”的反思与批判。这些意见对于深层理解涂尔干以“图腾制度”作为宗教起源研究的基础和基本范式的科学性具有价值,同时也提醒人们思考情感(感性)与科学(理性)对于宗教研究的不同意义。Totem system is the research paradigm established by Durkheim in Basic Forms of Religious Life on which Durkheim launches his religious sociology research.Durkheim tries to demonstrate the unity of religion and society with the paradigm of totem system through scientific and empirical research methods.The French structuralist anthropologist Levi Strauss summarizes the various objections raised by many Western anthropologists to the totem system in his book The Totem System,and then puts forward his own views on reflection and criticism of the totem system.These opinions are valuable for a deep understanding of Durkheim's totem system as the basis and basic paradigm of the scientific nature of the study of the origin of religion,and also remind people to think about the different meanings of emotion(perception)and science(rationale)for religious research.

关 键 词：涂尔干 列维·斯特劳斯 图腾制度 宗教 

分 类 号：C955[社会学—民族学]