简单性原则的潜在检验辩护  

Latent Test Justification of Simplicity Principle

作　　者：黄俊维 HUANG Junwei(School of Philosophy and Social Development,Huaqiao University,Xiamen,Fujian,361021)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学哲学与社会发展学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2020年第10期31-37,共7页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：简单性原则,有时候也称为"奥卡姆剃刀",是科学和哲学中均被广泛接受的一个认知规范。然而,传统上针对简单性原则的哲学探究往往集中于美学的、神学的或实用的分析中,而缺乏充足的以认知理性为基础的辩护依据。波普尔的证伪主义辩护是一个较为成功的认知辩护,但只局限于其证伪主义科学观之下作为一种挑选研究假说的方法论规范,且仅适用于可证伪的科学命题。本文给出的潜在检验辩护则试图从理论采信的角度指出,理性的认知主体应当采信简单的理论,因为更简单的理论经受住更多的潜在检验。Simplicity principle,also known by the name "Occam’s Razor",is a widespread epistemic norm in both philosophy and science.Traditional justifications of simplicity,however,are usually concentrating on areas of aesthetics,theology or pragmatic analysis,and are short of justifications based on epistemic rationality.Falsification justification offered by Popper is one of the promising epistemic justifications,but simplicity defended by his falsificationism is a methodological norm in choosing hypotheses and is therefore only applicable for falsifiable propositions.This paper attempts to offer a "latent test justification" of simplicity principle,arguing that it is epistemic rational to prefer a simpler theory since it can withstand more latent tests.

关 键 词：简单性 认知理性 认知辩护 潜在检验 证伪主义 

分 类 号：N0[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]