两孩政策下女性医务人员职业压力 社会支持状况调查与应对措施研究  

Investigation on occupational stress and social support status of female medical staff under two-child policy and study on the countermeasures

作　　者：林海燕[1] 于轶群[2] 黄晓丽[1] 夏晓东[1] 卢雪洁[1] 陈淑珍[3] LIN Hai-Yan;YU Yi-Qun;HUANG Xiao-Li(Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325000,China)

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学附属第一医院甲乳外科,浙江温州325000 [2]温州医科大学附属第一医院结直肠科,浙江温州325000 [3]温州医科大学附属第一医院呼吸内科,浙江温州325000

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2020年第20期3722-3725,共4页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

摘　　要：目的调查两孩政策下女性医务人员职业压力和社会支持状况,以此提出合理的应对措施,缓解其职业压力,建立稳定医疗队伍。方法选取2016年1月-2019年1月100例在职护士进行调查,采用自行问卷调查法和护士工作压力源量表及社会支持评定量表进行调查,对调查数据进行统计和分析。结果时间分配和工作量是二胎女性医务人员职业压力强度最高维度,其次为患者护理;不同年龄、孕期、不同职称、职务、用工形式、护龄、月收入、学历及一孩年龄等是女性医务人员职业压力的影响因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。女性护士社会支持总分平均为(39.11±7.82)分,主观支持为(21.96±4.88)分,客观支持(9.52±2.96)分,支持利用度(8.12±1.81)分。怀孕方式、不同年龄、孕期、一孩年龄、怀胎数量、护龄、职务、职称、用工形式等是女性医务人员社会支持影响因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。女性医务人员职业中工作压力、护理专业与主观支持呈负相关性,时间分配和工作量与主观支持呈负相关性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论两孩政策下女性医务人员职业压力中时间分配和工作量维度得分较高,其次是患者护理,职业压力和社会支持影响因素较多,女性医务人员主观支持和客观支持水平越高,其所承受的职业压力也会越低。Objective To investigate occupational stress and social support status of female medical staff under two-child policy,propose reasonable countermeasures,relieve occupational stress,and establish a stable medical team. Methods One hundred in-service nurses were surveyed from January 2016 to January 2019 using a self-designed questionnaire,nurse work stressor scale,and social support rating scale,the survey data were analyzed statistically. Results Time allocation and workload were the highest dimensions of occupational stress intensity of female medical staff of the second birth,followed by patient care. Age,duration of pregnancy,job title,position,employment form,working years,monthly income,education background,and age of the first child were influencing factors of occupational stress in female medical staff (P<0. 05). The total score of social support in female nurses was (39. 11±7. 82),the scores of subjective support,objective support,and support utilization were (21. 96±4. 88), (9. 52±2. 96),and (8. 12±1. 81). The ways of pregnancy,age,duration of pregnancy,age of the first child,the number of births,working years,job title,position,employment form were influencing factors of social support in female medical staff (P<0. 05). Work stress and nursing profession were negatively correlated with subjective support in female medical staff,time distribution was negatively correlated with subjective support (P<0. 05). Conclusion Under two-child policy,the scores of time distribution and workload dimension of female medical staff are high,followed by patient care,there are many factors affecting occupational stress and social support,the higher the levels of subjective support and objective support in female medical staff are,the lower the occupational stress is.

关 键 词：两孩政策 职业压力 女性 医务人员 社会支持 

分 类 号：R19[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]