俄国文学批评传统中的“奇幻”  

The Fantastic in Russian Literary Criticism

作　　者：初金一 Chu Jinyi

机构地区：[1]耶鲁大学

出　　处：《俄罗斯文艺》2020年第4期93-101,共9页Russian Literature & Arts

摘　　要："奇幻"在文学理论中的定义与思想史中的流变有待进一步厘清。当代文学批评中的奇幻经常被作为推想小说的一个分支去使用,然而在俄国批评传统中,奇幻被定义为读者对情节现实性的犹疑态度。通过考察别林斯基、陀思妥耶夫斯基、索洛维约夫、安年斯基、托马舍夫斯基对奇幻这一概念的界定与发散,本文试图论证,对奇幻的热衷体现了俄国知识分子对现实主义与摹仿观念的持续性探索。回溯俄国批评传统中的奇幻,有助于我们从一个新角度加深对俄国现实主义诗学的历史性认识。在对科幻小说以及不同类型的推想小说的讨论越发激烈的今天,我们亦有必要回顾奇幻这一相关概念的历史生成。The definition of the fantastic in literary theory and its mutation in intellectual history still require further recalibration. Today the fantastic often refers to a subgenre of speculative fiction. However, in the Russian critical tradition, the term denotes the reader’s hesitation towards the credibility of the plot. By tracing this concept in the works of Belinsky, Dostoevsky, Solovyov, Annensky, and Tomashevsky, this article shows that the obsession with the fantastic reveals Russian intellectuals’ consistent exploration of realism and verisimilitude. A reexamination of the concept of the fantastic in Russian literary criticism sheds new light on the history of realism and the study of science fiction and other types of speculative fiction.

关 键 词：奇幻 现实主义 托多罗夫 陀思妥耶夫斯基 科幻 俄罗斯 

分 类 号：I512.06[文学—其他各国文学]