北极东北航道航行实践与安全性研究  

Navigation Practice and Safety Research of Arctic Northeast Passage

作　　者：蔡梅江 曹伟[3,4] CAI Meijiang;CAO Wei(China Shipping&Sinopec Suppliers Corporation Limited,Guangzhou 510623,China;COSCO Shipping Specialized Carriers Corporation Limited,Guangzhou 510627,China;Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China;National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China)

机构地区：[1]中石化中海船舶燃料供应有限公司,广州510623 [2]中远海运特种运输股份有限公司,广州510627 [3]武汉理工大学智能交通系统研究中心,武汉430063 [4]武汉理工大学国家水运安全工程技术研究中心,武汉430063

出　　处：《交通信息与安全》2020年第3期77-83,共7页Journal of Transport Information and Safety

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51579203);湖北省自然科学基金青年杰出人才项目(2019CFA039)资助。

摘　　要：自北极东北航道夏季呈现可通航窗口期以来,中国远洋海运集团积极开展北极航行探索和实践。基于历年航次信息,对目前极地航行存在的问题进行分析,提出具体的解决问题措施并在航行实践中得以验证。梳理国内外的研究成果,对现阶段的北极航行风险进行分析。目前极地航行存在五大风险:通航环境恶劣、冰区编队航行经验不足、船冰碰撞及冰困、船员疲劳驾驶、冰情预报的不确定性等风险。从实际航行实践的角度出发,分析船舶航行操作风险以及应对措施。目前东北航道的基础设施尚不完善,环北极国家合作不够密切,未来应结合国家"冰上丝绸之路"战略目标,推动北极科考事业发展,加大基础设施建设,构建近北极国家战略合作平台。With the sea ice melting in the Arctic ice-covered waters,the Arctic Sea Route has greatly improved the value of the development of the Arctic marine transportation system.Regarding the severe environments and inexperienced operational conditions,the Chinese merchant ships of China Ocean Shipping Company successfully completed Arctic navigations in the past seven years in practice.The results in China and abroad are reviewed to analyze the risks of Arctic navigation at the present stage.Accordingly,two special issues of harsh navigational environment and inexperienced ice formations are summarized and addressed.More specifically,there are three unwanted accident scenarios which ice-going ships will encounter in Arctic:ship to ship collision during icebreaker assistance,ship stuck in ice during navigation independently,and ship-ice collision due to the questions related to human error,lack of experience,and the uncertainty of hydrological conditions prediction.To ensure the safety of ships in Arctic waters,some effective risk control options are proposed focusing on the mentioned unwanted accident events from the perspective of actual navigation practice.In addition,the infrastructure of the Northeast Passage needs to be improved by the cooperation among the Near-Arctic State.Furthermore,the strategic cooperation platform should be performed to promote the Arctic scientific expedition and to achieve the national strategic objectives of"Polar Silk Road"in the future.

关 键 词：东北航道 北极航行 航行实践 航次风险 未来建设 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学]