高效降解纤维素产甲烷菌群的富集及其性质研究  

Enrichment and Properties of Bacterial Community with Efficient Cellulose Degradation and Methane Production

作　　者：赵折红 沈菡 王思雅 皮海廷 侯宇宁 吕育财[1,3] 龚大春 任立伟[1,3] 郭金玲 李宁 ZHAO Zhe-hong;SHEN Han;WANG Si-ya;PI Hai-ting;HOU Yu-ning;LYU Yu-cai;GONG Da-chun;REN Li-wei;GUO Jin-ling;LI Ning(Hubei Pro.Bio-Enzyme Engin.Technol.Res.Ctr.,Three Gorges Uni.,Yichang 443002;Coll.of Water Res.&Environ.,Three Gorges Uni.,Yichang 443002;Coll.of Biol.&Pharm.Sci.,Three Gorges Uni.,Yichang 443002)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学湖北省生物酵素工程技术研究中心,湖北宜昌443002 [2]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [3]三峡大学生物与制药学院,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《微生物学杂志》2020年第4期17-23,共7页Journal of Microbiology

基　　金：湖北省生物酵素工程技术研究中心(三峡大学)开放基金项目(JS2018-02);国家自然科学基金项目(21776162);国家青年基金项目(31500422)。

摘　　要：以获得1组高效降解纤维素的产甲烷菌群为目的,以蔬菜厌氧消化液、糖蜜厌氧消化液和池塘沉积物底泥为菌株来源,55℃条件下,以滤纸为碳源进行继代培养,检测其甲烷含量,最终获得1组有效分解纤维素的产甲烷菌群。该菌群能够有效分解滤纸,相对分解率可达67.3%,培养7 d甲烷累积产量可达46.5%(体积分数),培养第3天羧甲基纤维素酶(CMC)活性最高值为26.3 U/mL。有机酸中乙酸产量最高,7 d累积量为2.7 g/L。基于16S rRNA基因扩增子高通量测序分析结果表明,细菌的多样性高于古菌。细菌菌群主要由Lutispora、好氧芽胞杆菌属(Aeribacillus)、解硫胺素杆菌属(Aneurinibacillus)、共生小杆菌属(Symbiobacterium)、梭菌属(Clostridium)等组成,其中Lutispora为优势菌群,占细菌总丰度的11.04%。古菌菌群主要包括甲烷嗜热杆菌属(Methanothermobacter)、甲烷丝状菌属(Methanothrix)、甲烷杆菌属(Methanobacterium)、甲烷螺菌(Methanospirillum)等,其中甲烷嗜热杆菌属为优势古菌菌群,占古菌总丰度的99.82%。这组高效降解纤维素的产甲烷菌群可通过多种微生物协同作用实现纤维素的降解和甲烷的产生。The aim of this study is to obtain a group of microbial community that efficiently degrade cellulose and produce methane;vegetable anaerobic digestion liquid,molasses anaerobic digestion liquid and pond deposited mud as strain sources,and subcultured with filter paper as carbon source at 55℃,the content of methane was determined,finally obtain a group of methane producing microbial community(MC).The MC could effectively decompose the filter paper,the relative decomposition rate of the filter paper could reach as high as 67.3%,the cumulative production of methane could reach as high as 46.5%(volume ratio)within 7 days,the highest activity of carboxymethyl cellulase(CMC)was 26.3 U/mL on the third day of culture.The yield of acetic acid was the highest among organic acids,and the cumulative amount in 7 days was 2.7 g/L.High-throughput sequencing analysis based on 16S rRNA gene amplification showed that the bacterial diversity was higher than that of archaea.The bacterial community was mainly composed of Lutispora,Aeribacillus,Aneurinibacillus,Symbiobacterium,Clostridium,etc.among them Lutispora was the dominant community,accounting for 11.04%of the total bacterial abundance.The archaeal community mainly included Methanothermobacter,Methanothrix,Methanobacterium,Methanospirillum,etc,among them Methanothermobacter was the dominant archaeal community accounts for 99.82%of the total abundance of archaea.This group of methane-producing bacterial community with high-efficient decomposing cellulose could attain the degradation of cellulose to produce methane through coordinative actions of various microorganisms.

关 键 词：高温厌氧发酵 纤维素降解 产甲烷 16S rRNA扩增子高通量测序 

分 类 号：Q939.9[生物学—微生物学]