黑脸噪鹛栖息地的植被类型及空间结构特征  

THE VEGETATION TYPES AND SPATIAL STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HABITATS OF MASKED LAUGHINGTHRUSHES

作　　者：柯坫华[1] 邓艳会 KE Dian-hua;DENG Yan-hui(School of Life Sciences,Jinggangshan University,Ji’an,Jiangxi 343009,China;Library of Jinggangshan University,Jinggangshan University,Ji’an,Jiangxi 343009,China)

机构地区：[1]井冈山大学生命科学学院,江西吉安343009 [2]井冈山大学图书馆,江西吉安343009

出　　处：《井冈山大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第5期38-43,共6页Journal of Jinggangshan University (Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160423);江西省教育厅科技计划项目(GJJ180568,GJJ12726);江西省自然科学基金项目(2010GZN0119);江西省科技支持计划项目(2009ZDN10500);井冈山大学博士科研启动基金项目。

摘　　要：黑脸噪鹛Garrulax perspicillatus是分布于我国南方山地丘陵环境的一种领域性森林鸟类。前期研究表明该鸟种实际利用的栖息地环境呈片段化分布,但其对栖息地的选择偏好尚不清楚。自2010至2019年,通过对江西省吉安市郊区黑脸噪鹛种群及其栖息环境开展了连续十年的野外研究。在此基础上,以林业小班为基本单元,对研究区内所有林业小班的植被类型和空间结构特征进行定性和定量化数据处理。然后,将研究区域内的森林灌丛环境分为两类:(1)黑脸噪鹛适宜栖息地,即黑脸噪鹛经常活动的林业小班;(2)黑脸噪鹛非适宜栖息地,即近邻适宜栖息地,但长期未发现黑脸噪鹛活动踪迹的林业小班。最后,对适宜栖息地和非适宜栖息地的相关参数进行统计和比较分析。结果表明,黑脸噪鹛的适宜栖息地环境,通常为具有荆棘灌丛的相对稀疏的阔叶林或针阔混交林,其地表多枯枝落叶层;其非适宜栖息地环境,通常为纯针叶林,或相对植被浓密的处于植被演化早期阶段的树林,其地表光秃,或长满杂草。这些研究发现揭示了黑脸噪鹛种群的片段化分布格局与其栖息地环境的植被组成和空间结构特征有着紧密关联。Masked laughingthrush(Garrulax perspicillatus)was reported to live in the habitats such as cultivated areas,scrub and woodland,which seem to be connected continuously,while recent research showed that the bird families distributed discretely.It suggested that the bird has special preference in habitats,but the characteristics of its preferred habitats is still unclear.Based on ten years field observation on the distribution of the population of masked laughingthrush in the suburb of Ji’an,Jiangxi Province,China,we firstly broke all the habitats with scrub and woodland in the study area into smaller plots,with the forestry sub-compartments as basic units,quantified and qualified the characteristics of the vegetation types and spatial structure for all the forestry sub-compartments.Then,we distinguished those habitats with constant presence of the birds as suitable habitats,and those neighboring ones with no presence of the birds during study period as unsuitable habitats for Masked laughingthrushes.Finally,we compared the sub-compartment characteristics between the suitable and unsuitable habitats of the birds.Results showed that the suitable habitats were featured by relatively open broad-leaf woodlands with thorns and bushes, and full of litter layers. While the unsuitable habitat are pureconiferous forests, or dense forests in the early evolving stage;their ground is bared or full of living grasses.These findings suggest that the distribution pattern of the birds is determined by the vegetation types and itsspatial structure.

关 键 词：林业小班 适宜栖息地 栖息地特征 栖息地选择 Garrulax perspicillatus 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]