施用不同剂型基质氮肥对玉米田氨挥发与氮肥利用率的影响  

Matrix-based Nitrogen Fertilizers with Different Matrix-material Doses:Effects on Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Maize Field

作　　者：杨阳[1] 倪晓宇[1] 刘斌美[1] 陶亮之[1] 余立祥[1] 杨叶 冯梦喜 钟雯瑾 吴跃进[1] Yang Yang;Ni Xiaoyu;Liu Binmei;Tao Liangzhi;Yu Lixiang;Yang Ye;Feng Mengxi;Zhong Wenjin;Wu Yuejin(Institute of Technical Biology&Agriculture Engineering,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031;Henan Xinlianxin Fertilizer Co.,Ltd.,Xinxiang Henan 453700)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院技术生物与农业工程研究所,合肥230031 [2]河南心连心化肥有限公司,河南新乡453700

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2020年第24期14-22,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“江淮中部农田耕作改土培肥与粮食作物水肥互促节水保肥关键技术研究”(2017YFD0301302);国家自然科学基金项目“灌溉和缓释尿素对水稻全生育期冠层氨通量的调控机制”(31601828);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS)项目“河南粮食生产减肥增效示范”(KFJ-STS-QYZD-008);安徽省科技重大专项“秸秆直接还田水稻品种选育及其示范推广”(18030701205)。

摘　　要：为探究不同剂型基质氮肥对玉米田氨挥发损失和氮肥利用率的影响,设置8种施肥处理,包括无氮对照、常规氮肥和6种剂型(1%~6%,按1%递增)基质氮肥,测定田间氨挥发、土壤矿质氮、玉米产量及构成要素、植株氮吸收量、氮肥生理效率、氮肥表观效率、氮肥农学效率等指标。研究表明:不同剂型基质氮肥处理的田间氨挥发总量比常规氮肥处理显著减少9.5%~45.9%。田间氨挥发量随基质材料添加量的提高而减少。与常规氮肥处理相比,2%~6%剂型基质氮肥处理显著提高吐丝期土壤矿质氮含量(增幅7.1%~17.8%)、籽粒产量(增幅5.2%~19.4%)、氮肥表观效率(增幅21.1%~55.0%)和氮肥农学效率(增幅22.5%~38.1%)。可见,施用基质材料添加量≥2%的基质氮肥,可减少玉米田间氨挥发、提高玉米籽粒产量和氮肥利用率。The paper aims to explore the effects of matrix-based nitrogen fertilizers with different matrixmaterial doses on ammonia volatilization and nitrogen use efficiency in the maize field. We set up 8 treatments including the control test, common nitrogen fertilizer, and 6 matrix-based nitrogen fertilizers(with 1%-6%matrix-materials, at a 1% interval) to measure the ammonia volatilization, soil inorganic nitrogen, maize yield and yield components, plant nitrogen uptake, nitrogen physiological efficiency, nitrogen recovery efficiency,and nitrogen agronomical efficiency and so on in the field. The results showed that: the total ammonia volatilization in matrix-based nitrogen fertilizer treatments in the field was 9.5%-45.9% lower than that in regular nitrogen fertilizer treatment;the ammonia volatilization in the field decreased with the increase of matrix-material dose;compared with regular nitrogen fertilizer treatment, matrix-based nitrogen fertilizer treatments with 2%-6% matrix-materials significantly increased soil inorganic nitrogen at silking stage by7.1%-17.8%, grain yield by 5.2%-19.4%, nitrogen recovery efficiency by 21.1%-55.0%, and nitrogen agronomical efficiency by 22.5%-38.1%. Overall, the application of matrix-based nitrogen fertilizers with ≥2% matrix-materials could reduce ammonia volatilization in the maize field, increase maize grain yield,and improve the nitrogen use efficiency.

关 键 词：玉米 氮肥利用效率 土壤矿质氮 氨挥发 氮吸收 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S143.15[农业科学—肥料学]