化肥减量配施有机肥对柠檬树体生长、果实产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality of Lemon Trees

作　　者：刘红明[1] 龙春瑞[1] 潘艳华[2] 付小猛[1] 毛加梅[1] 杜玉霞[1] 岳建强[1] 李进学[1] Liu Hongming;Long Chunrui;Pan Yanhua;Fu Xiaomeng;Mao Jiamei;Du Yuxia;Yue Jianqiang;Li Jinxue(Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baoshan Yunnan 678000;Institute of Agricultural Environment&Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南保山678000 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2020年第24期42-46,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：云南省农业科学院应用基础研究专项资助项目“柠檬错季果粗皮大果的形成机制研究”(YJM201806);云南省2019年科技特派员科技扶贫专项资助项目“保山热区柠檬早实丰产栽培技术示范与推广”(bsfp2019-09);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目“中缅边境地区特色水果错季高效生产及产业化研究与示范”(201403036);云南省科技厅省技术创新人才培养对象资助项目(2017HB130)。

摘　　要：探讨化肥减施和配施有机肥改善土壤质量,减少化肥使用量,提高柠檬产量和品质,为云南柠檬园土壤环境改良和柠檬化肥减施增效提供技术依据。以‘云柠1号’柠檬为试材,利用田间小区试验,设置4个不同施肥处理,即100%化肥(常规施肥)、70%化肥+有机肥15 kg/株、50%化肥+有机肥15 kg/株及不施化肥处理+有机肥15 kg/株。分别测定不同施肥处理的柠檬树体生长参数、花枝成花数、果实品质、产量和叶绿素含量。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,70%化肥+有机肥15 kg/株处理下柠檬的生长参数、果实产量和品质有显著差异,该处理显著加快了柠檬树体的生长,获得了更高的产量和果实品质。与常规施肥相比,植株株高增高6.37%,嫁接口上、下5 cm处直径分别增粗13.05%、9.61%;单果重和产量分别增加15.19%、28.60%;果实出汁率、Vc含量和总糖含量分别增加6.68%、27.85%、6.20%,综合考虑产量、果实品质等因素,70%化肥+有机肥15 kg/株处理对柠檬增产、提质、增效的效果最佳。The research aims to improve the soil quality, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer, and improve the yield and quality of lemon fruit by chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer application,thus to provide a technical basis for soil environment improvement and fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase in lemon plantations in Yunnan. We used’Yunning No.1’as the test material and carried out a field plot experiment, four different fertilization treatments were set up, namely 100% chemical fertilizer(conventional fertilization), 70% chemical fertilizer(30% reduction) + 15 kg/tree organic fertilizer, 50%chemical fertilizer(50% reduction) + 15 kg/tree organic fertilizer and no chemical fertilizer + 15 kg/tree organic fertilizer(control group), to measure relative indexes of lemon growth, bloom and fruit-setting, fruit quality, yield and chlorophyll content. The results showed that there were significant differences between 100%chemical fertilizer and 70% chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer in plant height, stem diameter, yield and fruit quality. The treatment of 70% chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer significantly promoted the plant growth, and achieved higher yield and quality. Compared with 100% chemical fertilizer, the plant height increased by 6.37%, stem diameter(up and down of the graft union 5 cm) increased by 13.05% and 9.61%, fruit weight and yield per plant increased by 15.19% and 28.60%, juice yield, vitamin C and total sugar content of lemon fruit increased by 6.68%, 27.85% and 6.20%, respectively. Comprehensively considering the yield and quality, the treatment has the best effect of yield increase, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement.

关 键 词：化肥减量 有机肥 柠檬 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]