微肥对核技术合成保水剂性能的影响  

Micro-fertilizers: Effects on the Properties of Super Absorbent Polymer Synthesized by Nuclear Technology

作　　者：魏敏[1] 罗龙欣 杨平华[1] 严庆海[1] 刘颖[1] Wei Min;Luo Longxin;Yang Pinghua;Yan Qinghai;Liu Ying(Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610061)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所,成都610061

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2020年第24期54-58,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：四川省财政创新能力提升工程项目“辐照聚合保水型肥料包膜材料的研制及应用”(2016GYSH-001);四川省科技计划项目“新型环保保水剂在农林上示范应用”(2017NZZJ013)。

摘　　要：为探究微肥对四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所研制的保水剂性能的影响,采用6种微肥的农用浓度和饱和浓度进行保水剂测试,通过反复吸水试验观察保水剂性能及形态结构的变化。结果表明:硼砂和钼酸铵溶液基本不影响保水剂的形态结构,其他4种二价金属微肥溶液均会不同程度地破坏保水剂结构完整性,使保水剂从颗粒状变成片状;吸入微肥的保水剂吸水倍数均会降低并会呈现微肥颜色,但多数在去离子水处理下吸水倍数能逐渐提高,硼砂、硫酸锰饱和溶液处理的保水剂吸水倍数为78.2 g/g、4.83 g/g,经去离子水处理后达347 g/g、277 g/g,0.2%的硫酸锌、硫酸铜溶液处理的保水剂吸水倍数为74.4 g/g、60.0 g/g,经去离子水处理后达367 g/g、232 g/g。因此,微肥会降低保水剂吸水倍数,加快保水剂降解速度,但保水剂依然能起到保水保肥的作用,为提高土壤水肥利用率,合适浓度微肥同此保水剂一起施用更佳。To explore the effect of micro-fertilizers on the properties of super absorbent polymer(SAP)developed by the Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the SAP was tested by six kinds of micro-fertilizer solutions with agricultural concentration and saturated concentration, the change of properties and morphological structure of SAP were observed through repeated water absorption tests. The results showed that borax and ammonium molybdate solution had little effect on the morphological structure of SAP. The other four kinds of bivalent metal micro-fertilizer solutions could destroy the structure of SAP in varying degrees, and the shape of SAP was changing from granular to schistose. The water absorbency of SAP for inhaled micro-fertilizers were decreased and showed the color of the micro-fertilizers, but most of the water absorbency could be gradually increased under the treatment of deionized water. The water absorbency of SAP with borax and manganese sulfate saturated solution treatments were 78.2 g/g and 4.83 g/g, then through deionized water treatments, the water absorbency reached 347 g/g,277 g/g. During the 0.2% zinc sulfate and copper sulfate solution treatments, the water absorbency was 74.4 g/g and 60.0 g/g, respectively. After deionized water treatments, they reached 367 g/g and 232 g/g. Therefore,micro-fertilizers can reduce the water absorbency and accelerate the degradation rate of SAP, but it can still play the role of water and fertilizer retaining. In order to improve the utilization ratio of soil water and fertilizer,suitable concentrations of micro-fertilizers are better applied together with this SAP.

关 键 词：保水剂 微肥 吸水倍数 形态结构 反复吸水性 

分 类 号：S157.9[农业科学—土壤学]