追氮时期及比例对滴灌冬小麦生长特性及产量的影响  

Nitrogen Topdressing Stages and Ratio: Effects on the Growth Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat Under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：张永强[1,2] 张璐 徐珊[3] 陈传信 陈兴武 雷钧杰[1,2] 赛力汗·赛 薛丽华[1,2] Zhang Yongqiang;Zhang Lu;Xu Shan;Chen Chuanxin;Chen Xingwu;Lei Junjie;Sailihan·Sai;Xue Lihua(The Institute of Grain Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Urumqi 830091;Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091;College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2020年第25期1-6,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目“氮肥运筹对新疆滴灌冬小麦产量和品质形成的调控机制”(31660370);国家小麦产业技术体系“乌鲁木齐综合试验站”(CARS-3-49)。

摘　　要：为研究不同追氮时期追氮比例对滴灌冬小麦的生长发育及产量的影响,在滴灌条件下,以小麦‘新冬18号’为试验材料,在总施氮量300 kg/hm2条件下,设置5个氮肥追施处理[拔节:孕穗6:4(F1处理)、起身:拔节:开花2:4:4(F2处理)、拔节:孕穗:开花4:4:2(F3处理)、起身:拔节:孕穗:开花2:4:2:2(F4处理)、起身:拔节:孕穗:开花2:2:2:4(F5处理)],研究不同处理对滴灌冬小麦生长特性及产量的影响。结果表明,适当调节氮肥追施时期及比例有利于调节小麦的生长及产量,F4处理能减缓叶片SPAD值的下降速度,还能有效提高小麦千粒重、收获指数、地上部分生物总量,最高产量为F4处理,产量达8016.67 kg/hm2,分别显著高于F1、F2处理6.4%和6.7%(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,氮肥追施时期以起身、拔节、孕穗、开花期均追肥(F4、F5处理)有利于小麦的生长与产量的提高。To study the effects of different proportions of topdressing nitrogen at different nitrogen topdressing stages on the growth and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation, taking’Xindong 18’as the test material,and under the condition of total nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/hm2, we set 5 nitrogen topdressing treatments: the jointing: booting with 6:4(F1 treatment), getting up: jointing: flowering with 2:4:4(F2 treatment),jointing: booting: flowering with 4:4:2(F3 treatment), getting up: jointing: booting: flowering with 2:4:2:2(F4 treatment), getting up: jointing: booting: flowering with 2:2:2:4(F5 treatment). The results showed that: the proper adjustment of the period and proportion of nitrogen topdressing was beneficial to regulating the growth and yield of wheat;F4 treatment could slow the decline of SPAD value, and effectively increase 1000-grain weight, harvest index and aboveground biomass of wheat;the highest yield of F4 treatment was 8016.67 kg/hm2,which was significantly higher than that of F1 and F2 treatments by 6.4% and 6.7%, respectively(P<0.05). In conclusion, nitrogen topdressing at the getting up, jointing, booting and flowering stages is beneficial to the growth and yield of wheat.

关 键 词：冬小麦 氮肥运筹 滴灌 产量 生长发育 SPAD值 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311