可用于小麦品质改良的农家种种质筛选  

Screening of Wheat Landraces Germplasm for Wheat Quality Improvement

作　　者：杨丽娟[1] 王士坤[1] 盛坤[1] 付亮[1] 董昀[1] 蒋志凯[1] Yang Lijuan;Wang Shikun;Sheng Kun;Fu Liang;Dong Yun;Jiang Zhikai(Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang Henan 453000)

机构地区：[1]河南省新乡市农业科学院,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2020年第30期13-18,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：河南省科技攻关计划“农家种在小麦品质改良中的应用”(182102110172);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项经费“新乡综合试验站”(CARS-03)。

摘　　要：为了筛选综合性状较好的可用于小麦品质改良的农家种资源,以212份小麦农家种为材料,采用Vp1B3分子标记和田间喷雾进行了抗穗发芽鉴定,用硬度指数法进行了硬度测定,并考察了部分农艺性状。结果表明,212个农家种中Vp-1Ba(感穗发芽)、Vp-1Bb(抗穗发芽)和Vp-1Bc(抗穗发芽)基因型的频率分别为70.28%,6.16%,23.70%,以Vp-1Ba基因型为主。3种基因型穗发芽率差异不显著,212个农家种的穗发芽率在7.79%~28.56%之间,平均为15.28%;农家种硬度指数(HI)平均值为71.22;农家种平均株高达到113.46 cm;农家种对白粉病抗性变异丰富,有3个品种为白粉病免疫;农家种平均穗粒数为28.33,平均千粒重为30.96 g。针对抗穗发芽、籽粒硬质、株高适宜、抗白粉病、高产等育种目标,筛选出等‘金包银’‘、玉麦1’‘、大红芒2’等12个种质材料,为进一步培育优质小麦奠定了基础。To select excellent wheat landraces germplasm that could be used to improve the quality of wheat,212 wheat landraces were used as materials, Vp1 B3 molecular marker and spraying in field were used to identify the resistance to spike germination. Hardness index method was used to measure hardness, and some agronomic characters were investigated. The results showed that among the 212 landraces, the genotypes of Vp-1 Ba(susceptible to ear germination), Vp-1 Bb(resistant to ear germination) and Vp-1 Bc(resistant to ear germination) were 70.28%, 6.16% and 23.70%, respectively, and Vp-1 Ba was the main genotype. There was no significant difference among the three genotypes. The spike germination rate of the 212 landraces ranged from7.79% to 28.56%, with an average of 15.28%. The average hardness index(HI) was 71.22. The average plant height of the landraces reached 113.46 cm. The resistance to powdery mildew was rich in variation among the landraces and 3 landraces were immune to powdery mildew. The average grains per spike of landraces were28.33 and the average 1000-grain weight was 30.96 g. A total of 12 landraces were selected including’Jinbaoyin’,’Yumai1’,’Dahongmang2’and et al, they could be used for breeding targets of resistance to spike germination, hard grain, suitable plant height, resistance to powdery mildew and high yield. This study lays a foundation for further cultivation of high-quality wheat.

关 键 词：小麦 农家种 种质 Vp1B3 硬度指数 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S326