风沙半干旱区不同时期覆膜对玉米田固碳及碳平衡的影响  

Film Mulching During Different Periods:Effects on Carbon Fixation and Carbon Balance of Maize Field in Aealian Semi-arid Region

作　　者：张哲[1] 司鹏飞[1] 张旭 冯良山[1] 董雯怡 刘恩科[2] 冯晨[1] 张燕卿[2] 孙占祥[1] Zhang Zhe;Si Pengfei;Zhang Xu;Feng Liangshan;Dong Wenyi;Liu Enke;Feng Chen;Zhang Yanqing;Sun Zhanxiang(Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fuxin Observation and Experimental Station for National Agricultural Environment/Engineering Research Centre for Dryland and Water-Efficient Farming of Liaoning,Shenyang 110161;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081;Fuxin Meteorological Bureau,Fuxin Liaoning 123000)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所/国家农业环境阜新观测实验站/辽宁省旱作农业节水工程技术中心,沈阳110161 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [3]阜新市气象局,辽宁阜新123000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2020年第30期40-48,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：辽宁省科学事业公益基金(20180044);沈阳市中青年科技创新人才支持计划项目(RC200282);农业基础性长期性科技工作国家农业环境数据中心观测监测任务(ZX03S0601);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300204);国家自然科学基金青年基金(41807388);辽宁省农业科学院学科建设计划项目(2019DD062010);辽宁省兴辽英才计划(XLYC1908013、XLYC1807056);农业农村部农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队。

摘　　要：通过对比秋季覆膜(AM)、春季覆膜(SM)和不覆膜(NM)3种模式栽培玉米对短期土壤有机碳储量和碳平衡影响的异同,旨在明确风沙半干旱区覆膜的固碳减排效应,为构建低碳地膜覆盖模式提供理论依据。结果显示,AM显著增加玉米籽粒产量、地上生物量和0~60 cm土层根系生物量(P<0.05);在0~100 cm土层,AM、SM、NM和初始的有机碳储量分别为83.7、84.2、89.2、90.53 Mg/hm2,各处理相同土层间差异不显著(P>0.05);NM、SM和AM土壤呼吸CO2-C释放量平均值分别为2.10、2.09、2.37 Mg/(hm2·a),碳平衡分别为-522、-498、-474 kg CO2-C/(hm2·a)。以上表明,AM增加系统碳输入的同时,增加了土壤呼吸碳排放,但在短期内不会引起土壤有机碳库的衰退,并能更大程度上减少单位面积产量的碳排放,是一种气候友好型的低碳农业技术。The paper aims to determine the mulching effect of carbon fixation and emission reduction in aealian semi-arid region and to provide a theoretical basis for constructing a low-carbon mulching pattern by comparing the effects of cultivating maize under 3 patterns of autumn mulching(AM), spring mulching(SM)and no mulching(NM) on the differences of short-term soil organic carbon storage and carbon balance. The results showed that: AM significantly increased the grain yield, aboveground biomass of maize and the root biomass of maize in 0-60 cm soil depth(P<0.05);in the 0-100 cm soil layer, the soil organic carbon storage of NM, SM, AM and initial was 89.2, 84.2, 83.7 and 90.53 Mg/hm2, respectively, and there was no significant difference at the same soil layer(P>0.05);the average of soil respiration CO2-C release of NM, SM and AM was2.10, 2.09, 2.37 Mg/(hm2·a), respectively, and their carbon balance was-522,-498,-474 kg CO2-C/(hm2·a),respectively. In conclusion, AM increases the carbon input of the system as well as the carbon emission of soil respiration, however, it will not cause the decline of soil organic carbon pool in the short term, and can reduce the carbon emission per unit area yield to a greater extent. So, AM is a climate-friendly low-carbon agricultural technology.

关 键 词：秋覆膜 玉米 有机碳 土壤呼吸 碳平衡 

分 类 号：S15&1[农业科学—土壤学]