咪唑桥连唑类含能化合物的合成与性能研究进展  

Review on Synthesis and Properties of Energetic Imidazole-bridged Azoles

作　　者：刘亚静[1] 赵宝东 汪营磊[1] 高福磊[1] 刘卫孝[1] 陈斌[1] LIU Ya-jing;ZHAO Bao-dong;WANG Ying-lei;GAO Fu-lei;LIU Wei-xiao;CHEN Bin(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《含能材料》2020年第11期1120-1130,I0006,共12页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(21875185)。

摘　　要：咪唑基含能化合物具有优异的热稳定性、良好的修饰性和适当的环张力,是高能材料的重要研究方向。围绕联咪唑、咪唑联三唑、咪唑联四唑等咪唑桥连唑类含能化合物及其离子盐的合成、性能与应用基础等方面进行了综述。分析可知,以单键、双键连接的双环咪唑类化合物,比相应的单环咪唑化合物具有更好的热稳定性和机械感度、更高的密度和爆轰性能,能够实现能量与安全的较好协调,但在单一咪唑环上引入富氮的含能基团、连接基团和离子盐在保证安全性的同时尚未实现高能量和高氮含量的兼顾。而将两种氮杂环结构通过C—C键或C—N键进行键合的联唑类化合物往往可以兼具两种氮杂环母体结构的骨架特点,是今后新型高氮高能化合物的重要发展方向。同时提出了基于咪唑联三唑或咪唑联四唑骨架构建高氮含量、高能量和良好安全性相协调的咪唑桥连双环唑类含能化合物的有效策略。Due to the superior thermal stability,good modification and appropriate ring tension of imidazole based energetic compounds,they were considered as an important research direction of high energy materials.This review summaries recent progresses of synthesis,property and application of energetic imidazole-bridged azoles,such as bisimidazoles,triazolyl imidazoles and tetrazolyl imidazoles and their energetic salt derivatives.It was found that single or double bond linked bisimidazoles had better thermal stabilities and mechanical sensitivities,higher densities and donation properties than their mono-cyclic imidazole analogs,and could realize the balance between energy and safety which is difficult to be realized by introducing nitrogen-rich energetic groups,connecting groups and formation of energetic salts into mono imidazolyl rings.On the other hand,bicyclic azoles with two different nitrogen heterocyclic structures linked by C─C bond or C─N bond usually has the advantages of combing the good properties of their related structure characteristics,making it an important direction for development of novel high nitrogen and high energy compounds in the future.This review summarizes the recent advances in energetic imidazole-bridged azoles and proposes an efficient construction strategy for designing high nitrogen content,high energy and good safety based on triazolyl imidazole and tetrazolyl imidazole building blocks.

关 键 词：含能化合物 联咪唑 咪唑联三唑 咪唑联四唑 氮含量 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]