小麦不同绿色器官对灌浆中期高温胁迫的响应  

Response of Different Green Organs to High Temperature Stress during Grain-Filling Stages in Wheat

作　　者：冯波[1] 刘开昌[1] 高春华 曹芳 王峥[1] 李升东[1] 张立顺 Feng Bo;Liu Kaichang;Gao Chunhua;Cao Fang;Wang Zheng;Li Shengdong;Zhang Lishun(Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agriculural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Cotton Research Center,Jinan 250100,China;Jinan Yongfeng Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250306,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所,山东济南250100 [2]山东棉花研究中心,山东济南250100 [3]济南永丰种业有限公司,山东济南250306

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2020年第10期7-17,共11页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300600-1);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2016B04);山东省农业科技资金(园区产业提升工程)项目(2019YQ001)。

摘　　要：为阐明小麦不同绿色器官对高温胁迫的响应差异及其生理机制,于2017—2019年连续两个生长季在山东省农业科学院济南试验田,以济麦22(JM22)和新麦26(XM26)为材料,采取田间搭建塑料大棚增温方式于花后12~14天(共3天)进行处理,研究小麦旗叶、穗、穗下节间和旗叶鞘等不同绿色器官的抗氧化酶活性、非光化学耗散以及叶黄素循环组分变化等生理特性。结果表明,灌浆期高温胁迫后,小麦穗、旗叶、穗下节间和旗叶鞘等器官的叶绿素含量均较对照降低,MDA含量增加,电导率增大。高温胁迫使JM22和XM26旗叶SOD活性分别较对照升高15.55%和22.60%,穗部则分别降低12.67%和23.00%,穗下节间和旗叶鞘比对照降低较少。高温胁迫加重了不同绿色器官POD活性的下降趋势,胁迫结束0天JM22和XM26旗叶、穗、穗下节间和旗叶鞘的POD活性分别较对照降低21.41%和28.73%、34.97%和47.04%、36.17%和46.89%、40.29%和50.25%。JM22和XM26旗叶CAT活性分别比对照增加13.00%和34.40%,而穗、穗下节间和旗叶鞘分别较对照降低30.09%和58.96%、1.75%和37.76%、16.20%和40.06%。高温胁迫使两品种各绿色器官的NPQ值升高,其中JM22旗叶、穗、穗下节间和旗叶鞘分别比对照增加2.94%、34.38%、34.38%和11.76%,XM26分别增加10.34%、20.00%、16.67%和14.29%。两品种不同绿色器官的过剩光能显著降低,与对照相比过剩光能降幅由大到小依次为穗>旗叶>穗下节间>旗叶鞘。各绿色器官的(A+Z)/(A+Z+V)都显著增加,其中穗下节间变化最大,其次是旗叶鞘,再次是穗,旗叶变化最小。综之,灌浆中期高温胁迫使旗叶中清除活性氧的保护性酶活性显著升高,而穗、穗下节间和旗叶鞘的保护性酶活性则降低;非叶器官通过非光化学耗散和依赖叶黄素循环的热耗散能力要优于旗叶。JM22较XM26能够更加有效地启动保护酶系统来应对高温造成的活性氧积累和膜脂过氧化,且其通过叶Physiological characteristics including antioxidase activities,non-phtochemical dissipation and changes in lutein cycle components in wheat flag leaves,ears,peduncles and flag leaf sheaths were studied to clarify the response differences of different green organs of wheat to high temperature stress and its physiological mechanism by erecting artificial green house to increase temperature.In this study,Jimai 22(JM22)and Xinmai 26(XM26)were used as materials in Jinan experimental field of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in two consecutive growing seasons from 2017 to 2019.The results showed that chlorophyll content in flag leaves,ears,peduncles and flag leaf sheaths decreased after high temperature stress at grain filling stage,MDA content and electrical conductivity increased.Under high temperature stress,SOD activity in flag leaves of JM22 and XM26 were raised by 15.55%and 22.60%,respectively,while those in ears were dropped by12.67%and 23.00%,those in peduncle and flag leaf sheaths decreased less than the control.High temperature stress aggravated the downtrend of POD activity in different green organs.POD activity in flag leaves,ears,peduncles and flag leaf sheaths of JM22 and XM26 were reduced by 21.41%and 28.73%,34.97%and 47.04%,36.17%and 46.89%,40.29%and 50.25%,respectively,compared with the control.CAT activity in flag leaves of JM22 and XM26 increased by 13.00%and 34.40%while that in ears,peduncles and flag leaf sheaths decreased by 30.09%and 58.96%,1.75%and 37.76%,16.20%and 40.06%,respectively.High temperature stress increased the NPQ value of each green organs in the two varieties.The NPQ value in flag leaves,ears,peduncles and flag leaf sheaths of JM22 increased by 2.94%,34.38%,34.38%and 11.76%,respectively,while that of XM26 increased by 10.34%,20.00%,16.67%and14.29%.The excessive light energy in different green organs of the two varieties decreased significantly with sequence of ears>flag leaves>peduncles>flag leaf sheaths.The(A+Z)/(A+Z+V)value in each green organ increased significantly,and

关 键 词：小麦 不同绿色器官 高温胁迫 响应 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]