小麦-玉米周年秸秆还田模式下氮肥利用特征的分析  

Analysis of Nitrogen Use Characteristics under Annual Straw Returning Mode of Wheat and Maize

作　　者：宋朝玉[1] 王圣健[1] 宫明波[1] 朱丕生[1] 王瑞英[1] 黄俊杰 Song Chaoyu;Wang Shengjian;Gong Mingbo;Zhu Pisheng;Wang Ruiying;Huang Junjie(Qingdao Academy of Agriculural Sciences,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛市农业科学研究院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2020年第10期113-118,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“小麦-玉米周年水肥资源高效利用与耕作技术研究”(2017YFD0301002)。

摘　　要：以玉米秸秆不还田为对照,利用长期定位试验研究小麦-玉米周年秸秆还田模式下氮肥的利用特征。结果表明,长期玉米秸秆还田模式下,小麦茎叶和籽粒氮含量、地上部氮素积累量以及玉米地上部氮素积累量均明显提高;土壤有机质和全氮含量显著提高;小麦-玉米周年产量的氮肥利用率显著增加;小麦和玉米最高籽粒产量分别增加6.31%、10.32%;在最高产量水平下,小麦的氮收获指数降低0.031,小麦和玉米的地上部氮肥利用率分别提高7.59%、10.23%,小麦和玉米的氮肥农学效率分别提高17.55%、32.71%。长期麦秸覆盖还田、玉米秸秆粉碎还田耕种模式下,小麦推荐施氮量为200.4~221.4 kg/hm^2,玉米推荐施氮量为186.4~206.0 kg/hm^2。The nitrogen use characteristics under annual straw returning mode of wheat and maize were studied by long-term fixed position experiment with corn straw not returning into field as control.The results showed that the nitrogen content in leaves and grains of wheat,the nitrogen accumulation of wheat and maize were obviously increased in the long-term maize straw returning mode,the content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen increased significantly,and the nitrogen use efficiency of annual yield of wheat and maize increased significantly,the maximum grain yield of wheat and maize increased by 6.31%and 10.32%,respectively.Under the highest yield level,the nitrogen harvest index of wheat decreased by 0.031,the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat and maize increased by 7.59%and 10.23%,and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency of wheat and maize increased by 17.55%and 32.71%.In long-term wheat straw mulching and corn straw smashing returning mode,the recommended nitrogen application rate for wheat was 200.4~221.4 kg/hm^2,and that for maize was 186.4~206.0 kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：小麦 玉米 周年秸秆还田 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S512.104.7[农业科学—作物学] S513.047