铁道车辆轮轴全尺寸疲劳试验的原理性偏差研究  

Research on Principle Deviation of Full-scale Fatigue Test of Railway Wheel-Axle

作　　者：韩立 HAN Li(Postgraduate Department,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院研究生院,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道机车车辆》2020年第5期33-39,共7页Railway Locomotive & Car

摘　　要：针对铁道车辆关键走行部件轮轴的结构疲劳全尺寸试验验证过程,对国内外轮轴疲劳试验标准体系进行了梳理,说明了车轴试样在偏心激振式轮轴试验台和旋转弯曲式轮轴试验台上进行试验时的原理性的差异。为了研究车轴试验应力确定过程中线性插值所导致的偏差,通过有限元软件ANSYS进行了模态分析和谐响应分析,并对比了车轴试样有限元模型在静力加载和一阶模态振型下的沿轴向的应力分布差别,然后利用试验验证了有限元分析的结果,定量分析了两种加载模式下的试验方法带来的误差,结果表明:车轴试样在偏心激振式轮轴试验台上进行试验时车轴沿轴向分布是非线性的,应变片的粘贴位置和间隔对偏心激振式轮轴疲劳试验台上的车轴试样试验应力确定影响较为明显。Aiming at the process of structural fatigue full-scale test verification for wheel-axle of key moving parts of railway vehicles,this paper sorts out the standard system of wheel-axle fatigue test at home and abroad,and states the principle differences when the axle samples are tested on the eccentric excitation wheel-axle test bench and on the rotary bending wheel-axle test bench.In order to research the deviation caused by linear interpolation in the wheel-axle test stress determination process,the modal analysis and harmonic response analysis are carried out by the software.The stress distribution differences along the axial direction of the finite element model of the axle sample under static loading and first-order mode are compared.Then the results of the finite element analysis are verified by a test,and the deviation caused by the test methods in the two loading types is quantitatively analyzed.The results show that the stress distribution along the axial direction is nonlinear when the axle sample is tested on the eccentric excitation wheel-axle test bench.The adhesion position and spacing of the strain gauges have obvious influence on the test stress determination of the axle sample on the eccentric excitation wheel-axle test bench.

关 键 词：轮轴疲劳试验 偏心激振式轮轴 试验台 偏差 

分 类 号：U260[机械工程—车辆工程]