施肥与填闲种植籽粒苋对油麦菜Cd和土壤Cd的影响  

Effects of fertilizers and Amaranthus hypochondriacus as a catch crop on cadmium uptake of lettuce and soil cadmium content

作　　者：谷佳林[1] 苏世鸣[2] 陈延华[1] 赵同科[1] 魏丹 杜连凤[1] 邹国元[1] GU Jia-lin;SU Shi-ming;CHEN Yan-hua;ZHAO Tong-ke;WEI Dan;DU Lian-feng;ZOU Guo-yuan(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2020年第10期2198-2204,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0801003);中国与联合国开发计划署绿色发展项目(cpr/19/401)。

摘　　要：为了分析评价农艺措施在叶菜类蔬菜生产过程中对阻控Cd污染方面的作用,于2017年3月至2018年10月以油麦菜为试材,在高含量Cd设施土壤上,采用随机区组田间试验,连续2年研究不同施肥及填闲种植籽粒苋对油麦菜产量、Cd吸收及土壤Cd的影响。结果表明:有机肥料和无机肥料按照1∶1的比例配施,可以显著提高油麦菜的产量;单施化肥不会导致土壤中总Cd的增加,但可促进植株对Cd的吸收。有机肥的大量施入存在土壤Cd累积的风险,而填闲种植籽粒苋可以有效防控这种风险。通过连续2年种植籽粒苋,试验各处理土壤Cd被带出11668.81~15800.39 mg·hm^-2。各施肥处理,土壤Cd净减少量从高到低依次为:单施化肥处理(16219.03 mg·hm^-2)>鸡粪加化肥处理(10800.72 mg·hm^-2)>羊粪加化肥处理(8684.25 mg·hm-^2)>单施鸡粪处理(6423.05 mg·hm^-2)>单施羊粪处理(-3400.11 mg·hm^-2)。研究表明,综合考量产量、植株Cd含量及土壤Cd累积等因素,在油麦菜种植过程中采用鸡粪与化肥按照1∶1的比例配施并结合填闲种植籽粒苋是推荐的农艺种植措施,可实现土壤中的Cd负增长。This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the effect of agronomic measures on the prevention and control of cadmium(Cd)accumulation during the production of leafy vegetables.The effects of different fertilizers and Amaranthus hypochondriacus,as a catch crop,on the yield,Cd uptake of lettuce,and the soil Cd content were studied over 2 years(from March 2017 to October 2018)using a randomized block field trial in greenhouse soils with high Cd content.The lettuce yield was significantly increased when organic and inorganic fertilizers were mixed in a 1∶1 ratio.The application of chemical fertilizer alone did not increase the total Cd content in soil but significantly promoted Cd absorption by plants.The risk of soil Cd accumulation during the application of high rates of organic fertilizer was effectively prevented by the use of A.hypochondriacus as a catch crop.The removal of soil Cd after 2 years of continuous planting of A.hypochondriacus ranged from 11668.81~15800.39 mg·hm^-2.The net decrease in soil Cd for each fertilization treatment,from highest to lowest,was shown as follows:single chemical fertilizer treatmen(t 16219.03 mg·hm^-2),fowl dung plus chemical fertilizer treatmen(t 10800.72 mg·hm^-2),sheep manure plus chemical fertilizer treatment(8684.25 mg·hm^-2),single fowl dung treatment(6423.05 mg·hm^-2),and single sheep manure treatment(3400.11 mg·hm^-2).Considering the yield,plant Cd content,and soil Cd accumulation,the combination of fowl dung and chemical fertilizer at a 1∶1 ratio and A.hypochondriacus as catch crop were recommended for lettuce cultivation.These measures ultimately reduced the Cd accumulation in soil.

关 键 词：油麦菜 施肥 填闲 籽粒苋 镉 

分 类 号：S636.9[农业科学—蔬菜学] X53[农业科学—园艺学]