气候变化对东北大西洋渔获物组成、多样性和营养级的影响  

Effects of climate change on catch composition,diversity of catch and mean trophic level in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean

作　　者：陈爽 陈新军[1,2,3,4,5] Chen Shuang;Chen Xinjun(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海201306 [4]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [5]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋学报》2020年第10期100-109,共10页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(NSFC41876141);海洋二号卫星地面应用系统项目(HY2A-HT-YWY-006)。

摘　　要：东北大西洋是世界上重要的捕捞海域,气候变化对该海域捕捞产生了重要的影响。本文基于联合国粮农组织所提供的1982−2016年东北大西洋渔获产量数据,对该海域渔获物组成、多样性、平均营养级及主成分变化特征进行时间序列上的分析,并结合东北大西洋海域气候、环境因子,应用广义可加模型探究渔获物组成与气候变化之间的关系。结果显示:渔获物多样性的变化总体上呈下降趋势,2002−2010年间处于较低水平;平均营养级在2002年之前呈平缓下降的趋势,2002年之后开始波动上升,相关性分析表明这两个指标与海域环境因子的变化较为相关。对渔获物组成进行主成分分析显示,第一主成份变化的方差解释率达到35.3%,且与海域气候、环境因素有较高的相关性,第一主成分变化能够较好地表征气候影响下渔获物组成变化的情况。广义可加模型分析结果显示,渔获物组成变化的影响因素按解释率由高到低分别为:海表温度、海平面高度、盐度、海冰和北大西洋涛动指数。该研究有助于认识气候变化对海洋渔业资源及其结构组成的影响。Global climate change has a profound impact on the world fisheries.Recently,the composition of catch in Northeast Atlantic Ocean has changed significantly.Based on the catch data in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean from 1982 to 2016 provided by the United Nations Food and Agricuture Organization,the diversity of catch,mean trophic level and the variation of principal component were analyzed in time series.Finally,combined with climate and environmental factors(sea surface temperature,SST;sea surface salinity,SSS;sea surface height,SSH;Sea Ice Concentration,SIC;North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO;Arctic Oscillation,AO;Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation,AMO)in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean,the relationship between catches composition and climate change was explored by generalized additive model(GAM).The results showed that the diversity generally presented a declining trend,it was at a relatively low level during 2002 to 2010.The mean trophic level decreased slowly before 2002,then began to rise sharply.The correlation analysis showed that the changes of these two indicators were related to the environmental factors.The principal component analysis of catch composition showed that the variance of the first principal component was 35.3%,and it also has a close relationship with climatic and environmental factors,which could characterize the change of catch structure under the influence of climate.The results of GAM analysis showed that the orders of the contribution to structure change of catches were in sequence of SST,SSH,SSS,SIC and NAO.

关 键 词：东北大西洋 气候变化 渔获物组成 渔获多样性 营养级 

分 类 号：P714.5[天文地球—海洋科学] S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]