一种BIM模型版权保护数字水印算法  

A watermarking algorithm for BIM copyright protection

作　　者：蒋美容 张黎明 陈金萍 李恒 李玉龙 JIANG Meirong;ZHANG Liming;CHEN Jinping;LI Heng;LI Yulong(Faculty of Geomatics,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring,Lanzhou 730070,China;School of Electronics and Information Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学测绘与地理信息学院,兰州730070 [2]地理国情监测技术应用国家地方联合工程研究中心,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省地理国情监测工程实验室,兰州730070 [4]兰州交通大学电子与信息工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《测绘科学》2020年第10期143-148,167,共7页Science of Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41761080);兰州市人才创新创业科技计划资助项目(2016-RC-59);兰州交通大学优秀平台支持项目(201806)。

摘　　要：针对BIM数据版权保护的需求,该文运用数字水印技术,提出一种针对BIM模型版权保护的空间域数字水印算法。在BIM原始数据中对每个多面网格顶点坐标进行读取操作,获取坐标数据的高位部分;运用单向映射函数建立坐标值与水印位的对应关系;利用量化调制方法将水印嵌入坐标值中的较低有效位部分,保存得到含水印BIM模型数据;水印提取时,无须原始数据参与,是一种盲水印算法。在实际应用中,因BIM模型中顶点坐标的相同值较多,被用来嵌入水印的有效载体较少,为解决这一问题,在误差容许范围内对原始坐标数据加入了随机噪声,以嵌入不同的水印,间接地增加了水印嵌入容量。实验表明,该算法能够很好的控制水印嵌入引起的数据误差,数据使用完全不受影响,算法抗平移、修剪等攻击,且鲁棒性较好,对BIM模型的版权保护具有一定的实用性。Aiming at the copyright protection for building information modeling(BIM),a spatial domain watermarking algorithm was proposed for solve this problem by using watermarking. First,the vertex coordinates of the multi-faceted mesh in the data were extracted,the high-order part of the coordinate data was obtained,the mapping relations between the coordinate value and the watermark bit was established by using the one-way mapping function,and the watermark was embedded in the low-effective part of the coordinate value by quantization modulation,and the watermarked BIM model data were saved. When extracting watermark,it was a blind watermark algorithm without the participation of original data. In practical applications,because of the same value of vertex coordinates in BIM model,the number of effective carriers used to embed watermarking was less. In order to solve this problem,random noise was added to the original coordinate data within the error tolerance range to embed different watermarks,which indirectly increased the watermarking capacity. Experiments showed that the algorithm could control the data error caused by watermark embedding,and the data usage was completely unaffected. The algorithm had good robustness to anti-translation and pruning attacks,which havd some certain utilit to the copyright protection of BIM model.

关 键 词：BIM 数字水印 DXF QIM 鲁棒性 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]