轴承钢珠光体球化的研究现状及发展趋势  

Research status and developing tendency of bearing steel spheroidization of pearlite

作　　者：冯路路 吴开明[1] 乔文玮 鲁修宇 谢兴 FENG Lu-lu;WU Kai-ming;QIAO Wen-wei;LU Xiu-yu;XIE Xing(Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,Hubei,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Jingchu University of Technology,Jingmen 448000,Hubei,China;Jiangsu Huaneng Cable Co.,Ltd.,Gaoyou 225613,Jiangsu,China;Research Institute of Wuhan Iron and Steel Group,Wuhan 430080,Hubei,China;Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute,Wuhan 430064,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学高性能钢铁材料及其应用省部共建协同创新中心,湖北武汉430081 [2]荆楚理工学院机械工程学院,湖北荆门448000 [3]江苏华能电缆股份有限公司,江苏高邮225613 [4]武汉钢铁(集团)研究院,湖北武汉430080 [5]中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所,湖北武汉430064

出　　处：《中国冶金》2020年第9期110-118,共9页China Metallurgy

基　　金：武汉市科技局应用基础前沿专项资助项目(2019010701011382);武汉科技大学科发院重大科技资助项目(2018TDX07);高等学校学科创新引智(111)计划资助项目(D18018)。

摘　　要：概述了轴承钢球化退火在轴承生产中的作用,分析了珠光体由片层状转变为颗粒状的变化规律,讨论了片层渗碳体的打断、短棒状向颗粒状转变以及颗粒状熟化长大的热力学机制。结果认为珠光体球化工艺的不足,一是存在碳化物分布不均匀、尺寸大小存在差异等问题;二是退火工艺固定化、格式化等问题,未能适应轴承钢的发展;三是球化退火后的组织检验粗糙化、不够细致。球化工艺的发展趋势,一是要在轧钢或锻压生产阶段通过引入塑性变形或增大冷却过冷度等方法来保证片层组织更加均匀、细化,无网状渗碳体;二是要开发新的球化工艺,例如在有可能的条件内引入电场、磁场以及高温高压应力场等方法来改善球化工艺;三是要将球化组织的定量化检验标准化。The importance of spheroidization annealing process in bearing production is summarized.The rule of microstructure transformation of bearing steel from lamellar pearlite to granular pearlite is analyzed,the thermodynamic mechanism of the broken-up of lamellar cementite,and the transformation from short rod to granular of pearlite,and the process of granular ostwald grow were discussed.At the same time,the defects of bearing spheroidizing process are pointed out.Firstly,there are problems such as unfiorm distribution of carbides and differences in size.Secondly,the spheroidizing annealing process is not suitable for the development of new bearing steel due to the problems of immobilization and formatting.Thirdly,the microstructure inspection after spheroidizing annealing is rough and not meticulous enough.The development trend of the spheroidizing annealing process of bearing steel is pointed out.Firstly,the original lamellae should be more uniform and refined by introducing plastic deformation or increasing cooling supercooling in the rolling or forging stage,and avoid network cementite during production.Secondly,new spheroidizing annealing process should be developed,such as introducing electric field,magnetic field or high temperature and high pressure stress field in possible conditions to improve the traditional spheroidizing annealing process.Thirdly,the standardized quantitative inspection of spheroidizing microstructure should be carried out.

关 键 词：轴承钢 球化退火 珠光体 片层渗碳体 粒状渗碳体 

分 类 号：TG142.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]