新疆国家级非物质文化遗产的空间分布特征及影响因素  

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Xinjiang National Intangible Cultural Heritage

作　　者：田玉霞 谢霞[1] 田晓霞[2,3] TIAN Yuxia;XIE Xia;TIAN Xiaoxia(School of Tourism,Xinjiang University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830049,China;Urumqi Vocational University Tourism College,Urumqi Xinjiang 830002,China;Institute of Tourism Development,Urumqi Vocational University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830002,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学旅游学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830047 [2]乌鲁木齐职业大学旅游学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]乌鲁木齐职业大学旅游发展研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第3期362-369,共8页Journal of Xinjiang University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“乡村振兴战略下的民族地区文化创意产业与旅游业融合机制、模式与路径”(19XMZ077)。

摘　　要：本文首先采用统计分析法对新疆128项国家级非物质文化遗产进行类型结构分析,然后运用ArcGIS10.3空间分析工具中的核密度、变异系数等方法,对其空间分布进行研究,最后分析空间分布特征及影响因素,得出以下结果:新疆国家级非物质文化遗产拥有九大类型,以传统音乐、传统技艺和民俗为主,没有传统戏剧.空间分布呈现为以伊犁哈萨克自治州(直属县市)、喀什地区和乌鲁木齐市为主的集聚,区域差异明显;由变异系数得出非物质文化遗产项目离散程度高,无明显集聚.非物质文化遗产空间分布主要受自然因素和人文因素的影响.自然因素:在湖泊水系上,非物质文化遗产项目多分布在水资源丰富的区域;在地形地貌上,非物质文化遗产项目多分布于平原和盆地周边,总体呈现为绿洲集聚、山区零散分布的格局.人文因素:非物质文化遗产项目多分布在各民族聚居的地区;在旅游资源上,A级旅游景区多的地方,非物质文化遗产项目数量也多;在人文社会上,新疆非物质文化遗产分布与人口规模有关,与经济水平和区域面积关系不大.This study first uses statistical analysis to analyze the type structure of 128 national-level intangible cultural heritages(NICH)in Xinjiang,and then uses the kernel density and coefficient of variation in the Arc GIS10.3 spatial analysis tool to study its spatial distribution,and finally analyzes the spatial distribution influencing factors.There are nine major types of NICH in Xinjiang,dominated by the traditional music,traditional skills and folk customs.There is no traditional drama.The spatial distribution has a clustering feature,concentrated mainly in Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture(cities and counties directly under),Kashgar Prefecture and Urumqi,with obvious regional differences;the variance coefficient of the NICH items is high and there is no obvious clustering.The spatial distribution of the intangible heritages is mainly affected by natural and human factors:the NICH projects are mostly distributed in the areas with abundant water resources,or in low-lying plains and the areas all around the basins,which generally presents a distribution pattern as being clustered in the oases and scattered in the mountainous areas.Human factors aspect is reflected by the fact that the NICH items are mostly distributed in places where various ethnic groups live;in terms of tourism resources,where there are many A-level tourist attractions,the number of the NICH items is also large;from the human society perspective,the distribution of the NICH items in Xinjiang is related to the size of the population,but has nothing to do with the economic level and the size of the area.

关 键 词：新疆 非物质文化遗产 空间分布 影响因素 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]