科技扶贫与生态系统服务提升融合的机制与实现途径  

Mechanisms and Realization Pathways for Integration of Scientific Poverty Alleviation and Ecosystem Services Enhancement

作　　者：王克林[1,2] 岳跃民[1,2] 陈洪松[1,2] 曾馥平[1,2] WANG Kelin;YUE Yuemin;CHEN Hongsong;ZENG Fuping(Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hechi 547100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙410125 [2]中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站,河池547100

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2020年第10期1264-1272,共9页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41930652);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA23060103);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0502400)。

摘　　要：在消除绝对贫困、解决区域性整体贫困基础上,亟须接续推进全面脱贫与生态文明建设、乡村振兴战略的有效衔接。文章以我国西南喀斯特区域生态治理与科技扶贫实践为例,系统梳理了石漠化治理及其成效,总结了将生态治理与扶贫开发有机结合形成的"环境移民-易地扶贫-生态衍生产业培育-生态系统服务提升"的科技扶贫体系,剖析了当前生态治理与脱贫攻坚存在的主要问题。文章建议:统筹区域整体性治理,推进植被景观恢复,发展可持续生态衍生产业,提升生态治理与社区融合发展的协同性;建立重要生态空间分区、分类管控政策,以实现科技扶贫与生态系统服务提升的融合;提升区域"造血"功能,服务于脱贫地区进一步巩固脱贫成效和全力推进乡村振兴战略。On the basis of eliminating absolute poverty and resolving overall regional poverty, it is urgent to consolidate the achievement of poverty alleviation and promote the effective connection of comprehensive poverty alleviation and the strategy of rural vitalization after targeted poverty alleviation. Taking the ecological governance and scientific poverty alleviation in southwest karst region as an example, we firstly systematically reviewed the rocky desertification treatment and its effectiveness and benefits. Then we revealed the scientific poverty alleviation systems proposed by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) with the combination and integration of ecological governance and poverty relief and regional development. These effective poverty alleviation methods include environmental migration, poor population relocation, ecological derivative industry cultivation, and ecosystem services enhancement. We also analyzed and discussed of the principal problems of current practices of ecological governance and poverty alleviation. To realize the integration of scientific poverty alleviation and ecosystem services enhancement, we suggest to explore available realization pathways, that is, we should pay more attention to coordinate the integrated regional governance and systematic restoration at regional scale, propose forest landscape restoration, develop sustainable ecological derivative industry, balance ecological restoration and local community development, and establish policies for the regionalization of important ecological function areas. The proposed realization pathways could promote the hematopoietic function of regional development and will also enhance the effectiveness and benefits of poverty alleviation and the implementation of the strategy of rural vitalization.

关 键 词：科技扶贫 石漠化 生态系统服务提升 实现途径 喀斯特 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] F323.3