黄河中游泥沙输移特性及机理研究  

Characteristics and mechanism of sediment transport in the Middle Yellow River

作　　者：冯家豪 赵广举[1,2] 穆兴民[1,2] 田鹏 FENG Jia-hao;ZHAO Guang-ju;MU Xing-min;TIAN Peng(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Northwest 4&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China;College of Resource and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院-水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2020年第5期34-41,共8页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402401);国家自然科学基金项目(41671279);中国科学院“西部之光”(XAB2017A03)。

摘　　要：基于黄河中游干流4个水文站及8条主要支流1957-2018年实测降雨输沙资料,采用Mann-Kendall检验、有序聚类分析法研究黄河中游区间输沙时空变化特性,结合双累积曲线法量化输沙变化驱动因素。研究结果表明:黄河中游干流各水文站年输沙量均呈显著减少趋势,各站减幅自上游至下游沿程不断增大。区间8条典型支流多年输沙模数自1970s后均呈减少趋势,头道拐-龙门区间对中游区间输沙占比下降明显,区域水土保持治理效益显著。研究显示人类活动是黄河中游输沙锐减的主要驱动因素,对头道拐-龙门区间平均输沙变化贡献率为85.84%,对龙门-潼关区间输沙变化贡献为88.68%,淤地坝、梯田和水库等水利水保工程措施是输沙锐减的主要原因。Based on the hydrological time series of four mainstream stations and eight main tributaries in the Toudaoguai-Huayuankou Reach in 1957-2018,the spatial-temporal variations of sediment load in the Middle Yellow River with driving factors were analyzed by Mann-Kendall test,serial cluster analysis and double mass curve method.The results show that there were significant decreasing trends in the annual sediment load at the mainstream stations of Middle Yellow River,and the decreasing extents has increased from the upstream to the downstream.Since the 1970 s,the sediment transport modulus of eight typical tributaries showed significant inter-decadal decreasing trends.The proportion of sediment to the entire midstream in the Toudaoguai-Longmen Reach decreased from 65.4%to 53.4%around the year 2000.Human activities were the primary causes of sediment reduction in the Middle Yellow River,and its contribution to sediment load in the Toudaoguai-Longmen Reach was 85.84%,which was 88.68%to the Longmen-Tongguan Reach.The effects of soil and water conservation measures,such as check dams,terraces,reservoirs on the sediment reduction are significant.

关 键 词：黄河中游 输沙 干支流 驱动因素 

分 类 号：TV143.4[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]