电磁轨道炮电流分布特性研究综述  

A Review of Current Distribution in Electromagnetic Railguns

作　　者：阮景煇 陈立学 夏胜国[1,2] 王增基 李立东[1,2] Ruan Jinghui;Chen Lixue;Xia Shengguo;Wang Zengji;Li Lidong(Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Technology Ministry of Education Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]脉冲功率技术教育部重点实验室(华中科技大学),武汉430074 [2]强电磁工程与新技术国家重点实验室(华中科技大学电气与电子工程学院),武汉430074

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2020年第21期4423-4431,共9页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51677075,51877096)。

摘　　要：电磁轨道炮电流分布特性与其发射性能密切相关,局部区域电流密度过大会导致电枢和轨道熔蚀磨损、界面熔化沉积、转捩电弧等现象,严重影响电枢和弹丸的发射稳定性,造成轨道和内膛绝缘的损伤。该文首先阐述了影响电流分布的三种物理效应——趋肤效应、临近效应和速度趋肤效应,基于此,总结了国内外针对电磁轨道炮电流分布特性的相关研究。分析了枢轨界面状态、枢轨材料、枢轨结构、驱动电流对电流分布特性的影响规律,提出马鞍C形电枢在改善电流分布上的优势。最后总结了优化电流分布的若干措施,可为电磁轨道发射的工程应用提供技术支撑。The current distribution characteristics of electromagnetic railguns are closely related to its launch performance.Excessive current density in local areas will lead to current erosion and wear of armature and rail,interface melting deposition,transition arcs,etc.,which could seriously affect the launch stability of armature and projectile,and do damage to rail and insulation of the bore.In this paper,three physical effects that determine the current distribution(skin effect,proximity effect,and velocity skin effect)are first described.Based on this,relevant research on the current distribution characteristics of electromagnetic railguns at home and abroad is summarized.The influence of the state of the pivot rail interface,the pivot rail material,the pivot rail structure,and the driving current on the current distribution are analyzed.The advantages of the saddle C-shaped armature in improving current distribution are proposed.Finally,some measures for optimizing the current distribution are summarized,which can provide technical support for the engineering application of electromagnetic orbit launch.

关 键 词：电磁发射 电流分布 枢轨界面 固体电枢 

分 类 号：TM33[电气工程—电机]