股权让与担保的内外关系与权利界分  

The Internal and External Relationships and the Rights Demarcation of Equity Transfer Guarantee

作　　者：葛伟军[1] Ge Weijun

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2020年第6期36-50,共15页Law and Economy

基　　金：2018年司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“股权代持法律问题研究”(18SFB2036)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：股权让与担保是债务人或第三人与担保权人之间达成的协议,通常采取股权转让的方式,要求将作为担保物的股权登记在担保权人名下,从而引发了《民法典》和《公司法》之间的冲突。股权让与担保反映了当事人之间的真实意图,没有违反国家强制性规定,是有效的。股权让与担保涉及的法律关系,可以分为对内关系和对外关系两个方面。在对内关系中,担保权人是债务人的债权人,是目标公司的股东,其股东权利的行使在一定条件下可以受到限制。在对外关系中,涉及外观主义的适用。如果第三人对股权登记的外观事实产生了合理信赖,则应当保护该信赖。担保权人的法律地位及权利义务,可以用信托原理加以解释。通过担保事项“记载/公示”的方式,一方面明确了股权是信托财产,另一方面可以阻却第三人合理信赖的形成。Equity transfer guarantee is an agreement achieved between the debtor/third party(i.e.the surety)and the secured party,often by the way of transferring the shares,which requires the shares as the collateral to be registered under the name of the secured party,giving rise to the conflict between Civil Code and Company Law.Equity transfer guarantee reflects the true intent of each contractual party,without violating the mandatory regulations,therefore it is effective.The relationships involved can be divided into two levels,internal and external.Within the internal relationship,the secured party is the creditor of the debtor and the shareholder of the target company,and exercise of its shareholder rights may be restricted to some extent.In respect of the external relationship,the rechtsschein theorie applies.If a third party has reasonable reliance on the apparent fact of the shares registration,his reliance shall be protected.The legal status and rights/obligations of the secured party may be interpreted through the principles of trust.By the registration/publicity of the security matter,the equity may be shown as the trust property,and the formation of the reasonable reliance of the third party may be prevented effectively.

关 键 词：股权让与担保 名义股东 股东权利行使 外观主义 合理信赖 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]