噬藻体感染相关基因的研究进展  

Genes associated with cyanophage infection:a review

作　　者：张奇亚[1] ZHANG Qi-Ya(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2020年第10期3277-3286,共10页Microbiology China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0903101,2018YFD0900302-2);国家自然科学基金(31772890)。

摘　　要：噬藻体是感染蓝细菌(蓝藻)的病毒,能调控蓝细菌种群的丰度和多样性,在许多水生生态系统的食物网动态变化和生物地球化学循环中起关键作用。噬藻体与宿主细胞发生各种相互作用,包括吸附、入侵和复制,参与感染过程,从而完成噬藻体的生命周期。本文在综述噬藻体生命周期与基因组结构相互关联的基础上,重点介绍噬藻体与宿主蓝细菌相互作用的蛋白,如噬藻体吸附蛋白、内肽酶、穿孔素、DNA聚合酶、藻胆体降解蛋白A(NblA)、毒力因子、抗CRISPR蛋白(Acr)和小分子热休克蛋白等,分析它们的分子特性,阐述它们在噬藻体感染蓝细菌以及噬藻体-蓝细菌相互作用的分子机制。为了更好地认识驱动不同噬藻体与宿主及水生环境相互作用的策略、感染效率及生态学影响,本文不仅对这些与噬藻体感染相关的重要基因研究动态进行综述与讨论,还在了解噬藻体丰富的多样性和复杂性的基础上,提出应用新技术对噬藻体感染相关基因的功能进行广泛研究,以期扩展全球水生病毒数据库,进一步认识噬藻体与宿主的相互作用机理。Cyanophages are viruses that infect cyanobacteria.They are able to regulate the abundance and diversity of the cyanobacterial populations,and play a critical role in food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling of many aquatic ecosystems.Cyanophages perform various interactions with the host cells,such as adsorption,invasion and replication,and thereby participate in infection process and complete their life cycle.Based on the relation between cyanophage life cycle and the genome structure,the review mainly introduced several significant cyanophage proteins that interact with cyanobacteria,such as viral attachment proteins,endopeptidases,holins,DNA polymerases,non-bleaching protein A(NblA),virulence factors,virulence factors,anti-CRISPR proteins(Acr),and small heat shock proteins,and thereby analyzed their molecular characteristics and elaborated the molecular mechanisms of cyanophage infection and cyanophage-cyanobacterium interaction.To comprehensively know the driving strategy,infection efficiency and ecological influence of diverse cyanophages with their hosts and aquatic environments,this review not only summarized and discussed the research advances and trends on these significant genes associated with cyanophage infection,but also proposed significant ideas for performing extensive function studies on the related genes with cyanophage infection by using new gene editing technology,and thereby to expand global aquatic virus databases and to enable us to understand more about mechanisms of interaction between cyanophages and the host cyanobacteria.

关 键 词：噬藻体 病毒-宿主互作相关基因 结构蛋白 内肽酶 藻胆体降解蛋白A(NblA) 抗CRISPR蛋白(Acr) 

分 类 号：Q933[生物学—微生物学]