行政处罚的目的  

The Purpose of Administrative Penalty

作　　者：熊樟林[1] Xiong Zhanglin(the Law School of Southeast University)

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2020年第5期32-48,共17页Journal of National Prosecutors College

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金青年项目“《行政处罚法》归责性条款修改研究”(19CFX023)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：如何理解行政处罚的目的,意义重大,关系到多个具体制度的走向判断,与行政处罚的概念标准、制裁对象、证明标准、制裁力度等多个议题密切关联。在我国,将报应论作为行政处罚的目的理论,一直是传统理论的核心。但是,这一认识随着风险社会的来临以及新型制裁行为的出现,正面临被逐渐解构的危险,新近理论研究强烈要求添加"恢复""预防"等目的要素,确立预防论的目的理论,从而应对风险社会的规制需求。结合报应论和预防论的理论要义以及我国行政制裁多元化制度现状,行政处罚的目的应当作限缩解释,仍应围绕报应论建构行政处罚的目的体系。预防论尽管有可能是《行政处罚法》的立法目的,但并不适宜作为行政处罚的主要目的,而只是次要目的,并且需要遵守相应的限制性规则。How to understand the purpose of administrative penalty is of great significance.It is related to the trend of different legal systems as well as many issues such as the conceptual standard,the sanction target,the certification standard and the sanction intensity of administrative penalty.In China,taking the theory of retribution as the purpose of administrative penalty has always been the core of the traditional theory.However,this understanding is in the danger of being gradually deconstructed with the advent of the risk society and the emergence of new legal sanctions.Recent theoretical research strongly requires that purpose elements such as recovery and prevention should be added to the purpose of administrative penalty and the theory of prevention should be established in order to cope with regulatory needs of the risk society.Combining the theory of retribution and prevention as well as the current situation of the pluralistic system of administrative sanctions in China,the purpose of administrative penalty should be interpreted in a limited way and we should keep constructing the goal system of administrative penalty around the theory of retribution.Although the theory of prevention may be the legislative purpose of the administrative penalties law,it is not suitable as the main purpose of administrative penalty.It is only a secondary purpose and needs to comply with corresponding restrictive rules.

关 键 词：行政处罚目的 报应论 预防论 状态责任 责令限期改正 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]