基于风险预防的疫情预警机制反思  

Reflection on the Early Warning Mechanism of Epidemic Based on the Precautionary Principle

作　　者：郭红欣[1] GUO Hongxin(Law School,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2020年第4期131-143,208,共14页Journal Of CUPL

摘　　要：风险规制迫使国家任务从危险防止转向风险预防。风险识别、风险预警和风险防范措施实施是风险预防的三个关键环节。目前我国疫情防控法律制度体系已经形成,但其中预警机制未能突出风险识别的制度功效,预警依赖于对危险的确定性判断,加之预警程序拖冗,无法实现及早发现风险并予以警示的作用。风险预防下的预警机制功能定位应当是风险沟通;其触发原则是疑有从有;疫情风险的识别极其依赖专业人士,疫情预警机制应当由专业人士启动;预警机制应当独立于预案的启动,在预警期内政府的职责包括公示决策信息,以及按照应急预案筹备应急物资。Risk regulation forces national tasks to shift from prevention of danger to prevention of risk.There are three key steps during the risk precautionary as risk identification,risk early warning and implementation of risk prevention measures.At present,China has formed legal system for epidemic prevention and control.But the early warning mechanism fails to warn the risk of epidemic as early as possible for three reasons.One is risk identification cannot give rise to the early warning.The second is the early warning relies on the deterministic judgment of dangers.In addition,the early warning procedure is procrastinated.The function of the early warning mechanism under the precautionary principle should be risk communication.Only if there is a risk identification about an epidemic,the warning should be disclosed.For the identification of the epidemic risk is highly dependent on professionals,the early warning mechanism should be initiated by professionals.During the early warning period,the government’s role is to publicize decision-making information and prepare emergency supplies in accordance with the contingency plan.

关 键 词：风险预防 风险识别 预警机制 应急预案 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]