有机-无机肥协同调控小麦-玉米两熟作物产量及土壤培肥效应  

Organic-Inorganic Coordinated Regulation to Wheat-Maize Double Crop Yield and Soil Fertility

作　　者：郑福丽[1] 刘苹[1] 李国生[1] 张柏松[1] 李燕[1] 魏建林[1] 谭德水[1] ZHENG FuLi;LIU Ping;LI GuoSheng;ZHANG BoSong;LI Yan;WEI JianLin;TAN DeShui(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ji’nan 250100)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室/山东省植物营养与肥料重点实验室,济南250100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2020年第21期4355-4364,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301002,2018YFD0200600);国家自然科学基金(41877100);山东省技术创新引导计划(2018YFD0200603);山东省重大科技创新工程(2019JZZY010716)。

摘　　要：【目的】在小麦-玉米两季秸秆全还田条件下,探索不同有机-无机运筹模式对作物产量、氮效率和土壤养分的影响,为小麦-玉米一年两季种植合理利用有机养分资源和科学培肥地力提供理论支撑。【方法】通过设计化肥与不同用量有机肥配合并结合施用秸秆腐熟剂措施,研究不同有机无机运筹模式对产量构成、氮养分吸收、土壤有机质及团聚体等特征的影响。试验共设6个处理,分别为F处理(单施化肥),FA处理(化肥配秸秆腐熟剂),FM1处理(化肥配1500 kg·hm-2有机肥),FM2处理(化肥配3000 kg·hm-2有机肥),FM3处理(化肥配4500 kg·hm-2有机肥),FAM2处理(化肥配3000 kg·hm-2有机肥和秸秆腐熟剂)。【结果】(1)与单施化肥相比,施用不同用量有机肥和秸秆腐熟剂均可显著增加小麦-玉米籽粒产量,其中FM3处理产量最高,小麦增产20.6%,玉米增产10.6%,FAM2处理小麦增产19.5%,玉米增产8.2%。产量增加源于产量各构成要素的协同提高,小麦以公顷穗数和穗粒数增加较为显著,玉米以行粒数增加最为显著。(2)增施有机肥和秸秆腐熟剂可以促进氮素向籽粒运移,提高氮素收获指数,随有机肥用量增加,小麦和玉米氮素积累量均增加,其中FM3处理和FAM2处理籽粒氮素累积量和收获指数均较高,与F处理达显著差异。配合施用秸秆腐熟剂的FA和FAM2处理较不施菌剂处理周年氮肥偏生产力提高了1.3—1.6 kg·kg-1。(3)增施有机肥和施用秸秆腐熟剂显著增加土壤全氮、碱解氮和有机质含量,其中FM3处理土壤全氮和有机质含量最高,施用2年后相比F处理全氮增加0.17 g·kg-1,有机质增加1.97 g·kg-1。各有机无机配施模式显著降低土壤容重、提高孔隙度和水稳性团聚体比例。【结论】连续2年试验表明,增施有机肥、配施秸秆腐熟剂可以增加小麦-玉米产量,促进籽粒氮素吸收和转运,改善土壤结构和培肥地力,推荐FAM2处理作为本�【Objective】The objectives of this study were to discuss the effects of different organic-inorganic operation modes on crop yield,nitrogen efficiency and soil nutrients characteristics under the condition that wheat–maize straw returning to the field completely in two seasons,so as to provide a theoretical support for rational utilization of organic nutrient resources and scientific soil fertility culture in a wheat-maize cropping system.【Method】The experiment studied effects of different organic-inorganic operation modes on yield composition,nitrogen nutrient absorption,soil organic matter and stable aggregate,through designing the combination of chemical fertilizer with different amounts of organic fertilizer and straw-decomposing inoculant.Six experiment treatments were designed:F treatment was only chemical fertilizer,FA treatment was chemical fertilizer and straw-decomposing inoculants,FM1 treatment was chemical fertilizer and 1500 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer,FM2 treatment was chemical fertilizer and 3000 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer,FM3 treatment was chemical fertilizer and 4500 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer,FAM2 treatment was chemical fertilizer and 3000 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer and straw-decomposing inoculants.【Result】(1)Compared with single chemical fertilizer,application organic fertilizer and straw-decomposing inoculant could significantly increase grain yield of wheat-maize.The yield of chemical fertilizer combined with 4500 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer was the highest,wheat increased by 20.6%,maize by 10.6%.Combined chemical fertilizer with 3000 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer and straw-decomposing inoculant,the yield of wheat and maize increased by 19.5%and 8.2%,respectively.The increase of yield was due to the synergistic improvement of various components.The number of ears and grains per ear of wheat increased significantly and the number of grains per row increased most significantly in maize.(2)The increasing of organic fertilizer and straw-decomposing inoculant could promote the migrati

关 键 词：有机无机协同 秸秆腐熟剂 产量 氮素效率 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S512.1S158