水稻叠盘出苗育秧的种子出苗特性及秧苗机插效果  

Seedlings Emergence Characteristics and Transplanting Quality Using the Tray-Overlaying Seedlings Raising Mode in Rice Mechanized Transplanting Systems

作　　者：陈惠哲 向镜 王岳钧 徐一成 陈叶平 张玉屏 张义凯 朱德峰 CHEN Huizhe;XIANG Jing;WANG Yuejun;XU Yicheng;CHEN Yeping;ZHANG Yuping;ZHANG Yikai;ZHU Defeng(China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310006;Zhejiang Crop Production Administration Bureau,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310020)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310006 [2]浙江省种植业管理局,浙江杭州310020

出　　处：《核农学报》2020年第12期2823-2830,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目(2019E0252);科技部科研院所技术开发研究专项(2013EG134237);浙江省重点研发项目(2019C02017);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费院级统筹专项(2020)。

摘　　要：为给机插育秧技术发展提供合理模式,本研究以常规超级早籼稻中早39为材料,设置了叠盘出苗育秧(DP)、大棚摆盘育秧(BP)、传统育秧(CK)3个处理,比较不同育秧模式的出苗温湿度环境差异、种子出苗特性、秧苗素质、机插效果和水稻产量等。结果表明,与传统育秧的温、湿度随外界环境、昼夜交替而大幅波动不同,DP出苗室可控制温度在29~32℃之间,相对湿度在70%~90%之间,有利于种子提前出苗,其种子α-淀粉酶活性强,出苗率较BP和CK分别提高19.45和15.70个百分点;DP的秧苗株高较BP和CK分别高0.32和0.41 cm,且秧苗生长均匀,整齐度高,标准苗比例高;不同育秧模式的秧苗机插质量比较发现,每丛株数表现为DP>BP>CK,漏秧率由高到低依次为CK>BP>DP,表明DP可通过提高出苗率,降低机插漏秧;相同栽插密度下,水稻产量由高至低表现为DP>BP>CK,DP的平均籽粒产量分别较BP和CK增加4.5%和13.1%,其增产主要原因是具有较高的有效穗数。综上所述,叠盘出苗育秧模式能提高种子出苗率,缩短出苗时间,提高秧苗均匀度,并降低机插漏秧率,提高机插质量,通过增加有效穗数从而实现增产效应,有利于促进育秧社会化服务及机插技术发展。In order to provide a reasonable mode for the development of machine transplanting technology,super early indica rice Zhongzao39 was raised in three modes,such as tray-overlaying seedling raising mode(DP),swing-plate seedling raising mode(BP),and traditional seedling raising mode(CK).The differences of temperature and humidity during seedlings emergence stage,seed emergence characteristics,seedling quality,transplanting quality and rice yield were investigated among different seedling raising modes.The results showed that,the temperature and humidity were fluctuated with day and night alternation in the traditional seedling raising mode:the temperature was kept in 29 to 32℃in the seedling emergence room for DP,and the relative humidity was kept in 70%to 90%,which was the best condition for the seedling emergence.The seedling emergence rate of DP was 19.45%and 15.70%higher than BP and CK,respectively,which was due to the higher activity ofα-amylase activity increase.For seedling characteristics of 30 days,the seedling height of DP treatment was 0.32 and 0.41 cm higher than BP and CK,and presented a higher percentage of standard seedlings in DP than in BP and CK.The transplanting quality among all treatment showed that the seedling number per hill followed the order of DP>BP>CK,and missing seedling percentage abided by CK>BP>DP,which indicated the low missing seedling percentage related to high seedling emergence in DP.The treatments could be ranked from highest yield to lowest,as follows:DP>BP>CK.The yield of DP was higher 4.5%and 13.1%than BP and CK owing to the higher number of effective panicles in DP,respectively.The study indicated that,application of tray-overlaying seedling raising mode could enhance the seedling emergence rate,reduce the emergence duration,and increase the uniformity of seedlings,meanwhile the mode could significantly reduce the seedling missing percentage,and contribute to yield formation by increasing the number of effective panicles.

关 键 词：水稻 叠盘 出苗特性 机插 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]