关中地区秸秆还田冬小麦节水灌溉制度试验研究  

Research on Straw⁃Incorporation and Water Saving Irrigation of Winter Wheat in Guanzhong Area

作　　者：李巧鱼 马龙 李振全 LI Qiaoyu;MA Long;LI Zhenquan(Henan Vocational College of Water Conservancy and Environment,Zhengzhou 450008,China;Huangzangsi Project Construction&Management Bureau in Heihe River Basin,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]河南水利与环境职业学院,河南郑州450008 [2]黑河黄藏寺水利枢纽工程建设管理局,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《人民黄河》2020年第11期152-156,165,共6页Yellow River

摘　　要：通过试验分析关中地区秸秆还田条件下不同生育期灌水处理对冬小麦植株生理指标、水分利用效率和产量的影响,确定两个连续年份秸秆还田条件下冬小麦适宜的灌溉制度。结果表明:在一定灌溉定额内,返青期和拔节期灌水有利于作物株高生长和地上部分干物质的积累,拔节期和抽穗期灌水促进根系生长发育。返青期、拔节期、抽穗期是影响穗粒数和千粒重的重要需水期,拔节期和抽穗期是影响冬小麦产量的水分敏感期。秸秆还田处理对冬小麦植株的生长发育影响显著,并且可以一定程度上提高产量和水分利用效率。2016—2017年度最优灌溉制度是全生育期灌水4次,越冬期+返青期+拔节期+抽穗期每期900 m^3/hm^2,灌溉定额3600 m^3/hm^2;2017—2018年度最优灌溉制度是全生育期灌水3次,越冬期+拔节期+抽穗期每期900 m^3/hm^2,灌溉定额2700 m^3/hm^2。Field and plot experiments were conducted at Guanzhong Irrigation Test Station in Shaanxi Province.The results indicate that under the same irrigation ration,different irrigation periods have significant effects on agronomic traits and yield of winter wheat.Returning green ir⁃rigation and jointing irrigation are beneficial to growth and development.Joint irrigation and male pumping irrigation are water sensitive stages affecting yield of winter wheat.The optimum irrigation system from 2016 to 2017 is winter irrigation+greening irrigation+jointing irrigation+heading irrigation 4 times during the whole growth period,irrigation quota is 3600 m^3/hm^2.The optimum irrigation system from 2017 to 2018 is winter irrigation+jointing irrigation+heading irrigation for three times during the whole growth period,irrigation quota is 2700 m^3/hm^2.

关 键 词：冬小麦 秸秆还田 灌溉制度 水分利用效率 产量 关中地区 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]