“认知税”:一个理解持续贫困的新视角  

“Cognitive Tax”:A New Perspective for Understanding Persistent Poverty

作　　者：谢治菊 钟金娴 XIE Zhiju;ZHONG Jinxian

机构地区：[1]广州大学公共管理学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期87-93,164,165,共9页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“大数据时代的贫困治理研究”(20F22B005)。

摘　　要：“认知税”实际上是一种隐喻,用以表述穷人受贫困情境的影响而在决策过程中所产生的短视化行为、被蒙昧的渴望和被错失的良机,以及缺乏物质条件、社会支持和个人能力而消耗的额外认知资源。“认知税”引发持续贫困的作用机理在于其会导致穷人过度关注稀缺资源,产生注意力偏向;过多不当认知,造成贫困户的思维偏差,使其错失脱贫致富良机;教育重视不足,引发贫困代际传递。由此,丰富贫困户的认知资源,是摆脱贫困的首要选择,这就要求转变思维认知,实现认知消耗最小化;重视教育,阻断贫困代际传递;抛弃贫困思维模式,简化服务流程。"Cognitive tax"is actually a metaphor to express the short-sighted behavior of the poor in the decision-making process,the obscured desire and missed opportunities caused by poverty,as well as the the additional cognitive resources consumed due to lack of material conditions and social support.The mechanism of"cognitive tax"triggering persistent poverty is that it will cause the poor to pay too much attention to scarce resources producing attention imbalance which results in lack of confidence and passion in life;too much improper cognition causes cognitive load and failure to catch opportunities to get rid of poverty and bring about affluency;insufficient emphasis on education causes intergenerational transmission of poverty.Therefore,enriching the cognitive resources of poor households is the first choice to get rid of poverty.This requires a change in thinking and cognition to minimize cognitive consumption.Meanwhile emphasis should be put on education to block the intergenerational transmission of poverty and abandon the poverty mindset and simplify services process.

关 键 词：认知税 持续贫困 认知资源 思维模式 稀缺心态 

分 类 号：C919[经济管理]