23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗对成人肺炎球菌性疾病的预防效果  

Effectiveness of 23‑valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine on adult pneumococcal disease

作　　者：李马超[1] 邵祝军[1] Li Machao;Shao Zhujun(State Key Laboratory for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所传染病预防控制国家重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2020年第9期1003-1009,共7页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：肺炎链球菌在机体抵抗力下降时会引起各种肺炎球菌性疾病,WHO将其列为12种造成严重疾病负担的重点致病菌之一。当前肺炎链球菌的耐药性呈上升趋势,接种疫苗成为减轻疾病负担的重要有效措施。23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗(PPV23)是一种主要针对成人的预防性疫苗,覆盖了全球成人病例中65%~91%的分离株。国内外研究已经证实了PPV23在降低成人肺炎球菌性疾病的发病率、住院率、死亡率以及经济负担方面的有效性。虽然我国肺炎球菌性疾病的疾病负担重,但成人接种率却很低。为此,本文总结了成人肺炎球菌性疾病的国内外流行情况以及接种PPV23疫苗对高危人群尤其是老年人的预防保护效果和获益情况,为国内开展成人接种计划提供参考和新的思路。Streptococcus pneumoniae(Spn)will cause various pneumococcal diseases when host has a weak immune system.The World Health Organization ranks it as one of the 12 key pathogens causing heavy burden of disease.At present,the drug resistance of Spn is rising,and vaccination is an important and effective strategy to decrease the burden of disease.The 23‑valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine(PPV23)is a preventive vaccine for adults that covers 65%to 91%of Spn isolates worldwide.Accumulating evidence have confirmed the effectiveness of PPV23 in decreasing the incidence,hospitalization,mortality,and economic burden of pneumococcal diseases in adults.The burden of pneumococcal diseases in China is heavy,but the adult vaccination rate is low.Here,we review the prevalence of adult pneumococcal diseases,the preventive and protective effects and benefits of PPV23 vaccine on high‑risk population,especially the elderly individuals.We hope this review can provide references and new ideas for adult PPV23 vaccination programs in China.

关 键 词：肺炎链球菌 23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗 疾病负担 成人接种计划 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]