模糊数学综合评判分析北疆加工番茄水氮耦合效应  

Analysis of Water-Nitrogen Coupling Effect of Processing Tomatoes in Northern Xinjiang by Fuzzy Mathematics Comprehensive Evaluation

作　　者：窦允清 王振华 侯裕生 张继峯 李文昊 DOU Yunqing;WANG Zhenhua;HOU Yusheng;ZHANG Jifeng;LI Wenhao(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering/Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院/现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《核农学报》2020年第9期2059-2070,共12页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201506)。

摘　　要：为探求北疆地区种植加工番茄节水、节肥、高产、高效的科学灌溉施肥制度,本研究于2017-2018年在石河子大学节水灌溉试验站开展水氮耦合试验。试验设置4个灌溉水平,3个施氮梯度进行完全组合设计,分析不同水氮处理下加工番茄的生长生理指标、品质因素和经济效益。结果表明,适宜的水氮耦合对加工番茄的株高、茎粗影响极显著(P<0.01)。灌溉量对加工番茄花期的光合指标影响显著,水氮耦合对番茄花期净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)影响显著(P<0.05)。较低、较高的灌溉施氮量不利于加工番茄的增产以及果实品质和灌溉水利用效率的提高。基于模糊数学综合评价法认为,当考虑节水、节肥、经济及环境等综合效益时,应设置灌溉量为4500 m3·hm^-2,施氮量为225 kg·hm^-2。综上所述,适宜的灌溉量和施氮量可以提高作物经济效益和农户的种植积极性。本研究结果对改善北疆农田肥料污染,提高水肥利用效率具有深远意义。In order to explore the scientific irrigation and fertilization system of water saving,fertilizer saving,high yield and high efficiency for planting processing tomato in Northern Xinjiang,water nitrogen coupling test was carried out at Shihezi University water saving irrigation test station in 2017-2018.Four irrigation levels and three nitrogen application gradients were designed to analyze the growth physiological indexes,quality factors and economic benefits of processing tomato under different water and nitrogen treatments.The results showed that the suitable coupling of water and nitrogen had a significant effect on plant height and stem diameter(P<0.01).The effect of irrigation on the photosynthetic index of processing tomato was significant,and the effect of water nitrogen coupling on net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were significant(P<0.05).The lower and higher nitrogen application rate is not conducive to the increase of yield,fruit quality and irrigation water use efficiency of processing tomato.Based on the comprehensive evaluation method of fuzzy mathematics,when considering the comprehensive benefits of water saving,fertilizer saving,economy and environment,the irrigation amount should be 4500 m3·hm^-2 and the nitrogen amount should be 225 kg·hm^-2.In conclusion,appropriate irrigation and nitrogen application can improve the economic benefits of crops and farmers’enthusiasm for planting.The results of this study have far-reaching significance for improving fertilizer pollution and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency in Northern Xinjiang.

关 键 词：加工番茄 产量 品质 经济效益 模糊数学 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]