第三极地区雪冰中碳质组分研究进展  

Carbonaceous components in snow and ice in the Third Pole region

作　　者：张玉兰 罗犀[1,4] 康世昌 高坛光 胡召富[1] ZHANG Yulan;LUO Xi;KANG Shichang;GAO Tanguang;HU Zhaofu(State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),Lanzhou 730000,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心,北京100101 [3]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000 [4]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《自然杂志》2020年第5期393-400,共8页Chinese Journal of Nature

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41671067);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA19070501);中国科学院“西部之光”项目与中国科学院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室自主课题(SKLCS-ZZ-2020);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0605)。

摘　　要：碳质气溶胶(黑碳和有机碳)对全球气候变化及加速冰川消融具有重要影响,已引起广泛关注并开展了许多相关研究。基于目前的研究进展,综述了第三极地区雪冰中碳质组分的空间分布特征,发现老雪和粒雪冰中黑碳与有机碳含量显著高于雪坑以及新雪,更新了我们对于同一条冰川不同区域雪冰中碳质组分的认识。雪坑中黑碳的同位素组成揭示,青藏高原东北部雪冰中黑碳主要来自化石燃料贡献,而高原中部主要来源于生物质燃烧,喜马拉雅山脉南坡雪冰中黑碳的化石燃料贡献与生物质燃烧的贡献相当。雪冰中碳质组分导致的辐射强迫可达上百W·m-2,由此使得冰川消融增加、积雪持续期缩短。下一步将继续加深对雪冰碳质组分的来源及其对反照率影响的机理研究,为进一步预测气候变暖背景下碳质组分对冰川消融的贡献提供科学基础。Carbonaceous components(e.g.,black carbon(BC),organic carbon(OC))play an important role on the global climate change and enhancing the glacier melt,which has triggered out a lot of interest and related studies.Based on the recent research of this topic,we reviewed the spatial and temporal characteristics of carbonaceous components in snow and ice in the Third Pole region.The results indicated those BC and OC concentrations in aged snow(or firn ice)showed much higher than that in snowpit and fresh snow,which enhanced our understanding on the carbonaceous component in different snow types in one entire glacier.Isotopic signature of BC in snowpit revealed that BC deposited on glaciers in the northern Tibetan Plateau mainly originated from anthropogenic emissions.However,in the central plateau,BC from biomass burning combustion contributed largely to the BC deposition on glaciers.In Himalayas,equal contributions from fossil fuel and biomass combustion to BC in snowpit were found.Radiative forcing caused by BC can reach to hundreds of W·m-2,further accelerating the glacier melting and reducing snow cover duration days.In the future,studies on the sources of carbonaceous components and their impact on the radiative forcing should be enhanced.These results will be served as a valuable scientific basis for the forecasting contributions of carbonaceous components to glacier melting under climate change.

关 键 词：青藏高原 冰川变化 黑碳 有机碳 辐射强迫 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]