火星风条痕特征及其形成机制  

Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Wind Streaks on Mars

作　　者：董治宝[1] 吕萍[1] 李超[1] 胡光印 Dong Zhibao;Lü Ping;Li Chao;Hu Guangyin(Planetary Aeolian Research Institute,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学行星风沙科学研究院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2020年第9期902-911,共10页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“塔里木盆地周围干燥剥蚀山地风化速率研究”(编号:41930641)和“巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山系统的形成”(编号:41871008)资助。

摘　　要：风条痕是一系列风成特征的总称,表现为与周围背景显著的反照率差异,具有二维平面形状,不具有三维形态,在火星上广泛分布,对火星表面风场乃至全球环流特征具有良好的指示作用,但对其的研究长期被忽视。基于已有研究成果,总结了火星风条痕的类型、形状特征及其形成机制。根据反照率大小及其与障碍物的关系,火星风条痕可以分为6种基本类型:亮色风条痕、暗色风条痕、混合风条痕、黑斑状及其相关的条痕、沙丘尾部条痕和霜冻风条痕,其中,亮色和暗色风条痕最普遍、最具代表性,是火星表面最普遍的多变特征。火星风条痕主要分布于60°S^60°N,不同类型风条痕分布特征稍有差异。因赖以形成的障碍物特征复杂多样,火星风条痕具有多种平面形状,如锥形、扇形、卵形和平行状等。根据火星风条痕沉积物特征与风沙蚀积的关系,亮色风条痕一般为堆积型风条痕,而暗色风条痕则属于风蚀型风条痕。目前,关于亮色风条痕为堆积型认识比较一致,而将暗色风条痕归为风蚀型尚有争议。在缺乏火星气象观测资料的情况下,根据风条痕走向反演火星表面风场特征具有良好的可靠性,并有助于理解地质历史时期风对火星表面的改造作用。Wind streaks with two-dimensional plane shapes are a collective term for a variety of aeolian features that display distinctive albedo surface patterns and they do not have three-dimensional shape. Wind streaks are widely distributed on Mars,and are good proxy indicators of the surface wind regime,and even of global circulation patterns on Mars. However,the study on wind streaks has been largely ignored for a long time.Based on published studies,this paper summarized the types,morphology and formation mechanism of wind streaks. According to the relationship between albedo and obstacles,wind streaks can be divided into six basic types:bright wind streaks,dark wind streaks,mixed-tone wind streaks,splotches and related wind streaks,dune shadow wind streaks and frost wind streaks,of which the bright and dark streaks are the most common and representative,for they are the most abundant types of variable features on Mars. Wind streaks are primarily distributed in the latitudinal zone between 60°S and 60°N with little difference among different types,and they have many shapes such as tapered,fan,oval and parallel shapes due to the diverse obstacles. Considering the relationship between sediment characteristics and aeolian erosion and deposition,bright wind streaks are generally depositional with a consensus and dark streaks are erosional with a controversy. In the absence of Martian meteorological observation data,the retrieval of surface wind regime based on the orientation of wind streaks has good reliability,which helps to understand the modifications of Martian surfaces by wind in the geological context.

关 键 词：火星风沙地貌 风条痕 沉积物特征 形成机制 

分 类 号：P185.3[天文地球—天文学] P931