接穗对油茶砧木根生理特性及解剖结构的影响  

Effects of scions on the physiological characteristics and anatomical structure of the root tip of Camellia oleifera rootstock

作　　者：郑芳奕 杨志坚[1] 陈辉[1] 廖鹏辉 黄蓝明 冯金玲[1] ZHENG Fangyi;YANG Zhijian;CHEN Hui;LIAO Penghui;HUANG Lanming;FENG Jinling(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Popularization Station of Forestry Science&Technology of Fujian Province,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建省林业科学技术推广总站,福建福州350003

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2020年第6期636-642,共7页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(K4317202A);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20123515110010);福建农林大学科技创新专项基金(KFA17570A);福建省水利科技项目(KH180280A)。

摘　　要：以普通油茶和茶花为接穗,普通油茶芽苗砧为砧木,设异源嫁接(处理1)、同源嫁接(处理2)和自根苗(处理3)3个处理,研究不同接穗对普通油茶芽苗砧木根生理特性及根尖解剖结构的影响,分析接穗与砧木亲缘关系对砧木根的影响规律,以探明砧木响应接穗的机理。结果表明:嫁接促进油茶芽苗砧嫁接体根系生长,砧穗亲缘关系越远,越利于砧木根系生长;嫁接增厚根尖的中柱鞘、皮层和直径,缩小维管柱直径,砧穗亲缘关系越远,根横向生长能力越弱,内皮层细胞加厚层次越少,根吸收效率和横向运输能力越强,纵向运输能力越弱,抗逆性越弱;嫁接降低根系营养物质贮藏和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,提高过氧化物酶(POD)活性,砧穗亲缘关系越远,胁迫越强,CAT和POD活性越大,多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性越小,越有利于根的伸长生长和分枝,越不利于根的横向生长和砧木地径的生长。接穗影响砧木根的解剖结构、营养物质贮藏和酶活性,从而影响根的吸收效率和运输能力,进一步影响砧木的生长,其结果可为油茶生产提供技术和理论指导。Camellia oleifera nurse seedling rootstocks were used to analyze the effects of scions on the physiological characteristics and anatomical structures of roots and to explore the genetic and mechanistic relationships between scions and rootstock.C.oleifera nurse seedling rootstocks were self-rooted or grafted with C.oleifera(heterograft)or C.japonica(allograft).The results showed that grafting promoted rootstock growth,particularly in the allograft.Grafting thickened the pericycle,cortex,and root tip diameter;reduced the vascular cylinder diameter,root nutrient storage,and catalase(CAT)enzyme activity;and increased the peroxidase(POD)enzyme activity.Genetic variation between the rootstock and scions(i.e.,the allograft)decreased the root lateral growth capacity,endoderm-thickened cell layers,vertical transport capacity,stress resistance,and polyphenol oxidase(PPO)enzyme activity,but increased the absorption efficiency,lateral transport capacity,and CAT and POD enzyme activities.The rootstocks were also more conducive to elongation and branching,but less conducive to lateral root and ground diameter growth,with increased genetic variation.Scions affected the root anatomical structure,nutrient storage,and enzyme activities,which impacted the root absorption efficiency and transport capacity and changed the rootstock root growth.

关 键 词：砧穗互作 油茶 芽苗砧嫁接 生理特性 根尖解剖结构 

分 类 号：S723.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]