小麦-顶芒山羊草2M染色体系的鉴定与评价  

Identification and Evaluation of Wheat-Aegilops comosa Chromosome Lines that 2M Involved

作　　者：宫文萍[1] 张伟 李豪圣[1] 李光蓉[3] 张玉梅 杨足君[3] 刘成[1] 刘建军[1] GONG Wenping;ZHANG Wei;LI Haosheng;LI Guangrong;ZHANG Yumei;YANG Zujun;LIU Cheng;LIU Jianjun(Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in the North Huang&Huai River Valley,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat&Maize,Jinan,Shandong 250100;College of Agronomy,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong 250208;School of Life Science and Technology,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,Sichuan 610054)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所/农业农村部黄淮北部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/小麦玉米国家工程实验室,山东济南250100 [2]青岛农业大学农学院,山东青岛250208 [3]电子科技大学生命科学与技术学院,四川成都610054

出　　处：《核农学报》2020年第10期2133-2142,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2017MC004);泰山学者工程专项经费(tsqn201812123);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0100600)。

摘　　要：为了研究小麦-顶芒山羊草新种质材料的染色体组构成及开发其在育种中的利用价值,本研究利用分子标记和荧光原位杂交对小麦-顶芒山羊草杂交新种质进行鉴定,并通过小麦主要病害生理小种接种和农艺性状调查等方法对鉴定的材料进行综合评价。分子标记和原位杂交结果显示,所鉴定材料分别为小麦-顶芒山羊草2M附加系、2M(2D)代换系、2AS-2ML.2MS易位系和2DS-2ML.2MS易位系;抗病性鉴定结果表明,含2M染色体的材料均高抗小麦条锈病,其小麦亲本则高感条锈病,表明2M染色体上可能含有抗条锈病新基因;农艺性状调查分析结果表明,2M染色质导入小麦,可影响其小穗数、穗粒数和穗粒重等产量性状。因此,在创制和利用抗条锈病的小麦-顶芒山羊草2M染色体小片段易位系时,应加强对上述农艺性状的考察,并利用当前主栽品种进行回交改良。本研究鉴定出的抗条锈病小麦-顶芒山羊草2M染色体系丰富了小麦抗病基因库,为小麦育种提供了新抗源。In order to clarify the genome composition of wheat-Aegilops comosa hybrid progenies and their application value in wheat breeding, molecular markers, fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH), disease resistance evaluation by inoculating physiological races of wheat main diseases, and agronomical trait investigations were conducted in this study. Molecular markers and FISH data showed that the material identified herein were wheat-Ae. comosa 2 M addition, 2 M(2 D) substitution, 2 AS-2 ML.2 MS translocation line and 2 DS-2 ML.2 MS translocation line, respectively. Disease resistance evaluation indicated that the lines containing chromosome 2 M were highly resistant to stripe rust, while the control wheat were susceptible, suggesting that chromosome 2 M of Aegilops comosa harbor a stripe rust resistance gene. Agronomical traits investigation indicated that the introduction of 2 M chromosome of Aegilops comosa into wheat background affected the yield traits such as spikelet number, grain number per spike, and grain weight per spike. Therefore, agronomical characters mentioned above should be investigated, and the current major wheat cultivars should be used for backcross improvement during the creation and utilization of stripe rust resistant wheat-Ae. comosa chromosome small fragment translocation lines that 2 M involved. The stripe rust resistant wheat-Ae. comosa chromosome lines that 2 M involved identified in this study enriched the wheat disease resistance gene pool and provided a new source of resistance for wheat breeding.

关 键 词：顶芒山羊草 易位系 条锈病 农艺性状 荧光原位杂交 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]