纳米材料热传导中的新奇物理效应  

Thermal properties of low-dimensional nanoscale materials

作　　者：张刚 段文晖[2] ZHANG Gang;DUAN Wen-Hui(Institute of High Performance Computing,A*STAR,Singapore 138632,Singapore;Department of Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]新加坡高性能计算研究院,新加坡138632 [2]清华大学物理系,北京100084

出　　处：《物理》2020年第10期668-678,共11页Physics

摘　　要：纳米尺度热传导是物理科学、材料科学和工程热物理等相关学科的研究热点。除基础研究上的意义外,这个方向的研究在微纳米器件温度控制、新能源、热防护等重大工程技术领域也有着重要的应用价值。文章主要介绍一维、二维纳米材料(包括纳米管、纳米线、石墨烯及其他二维材料)的热传导性质。由于篇幅所限,文章集中讨论在低维体系热传导中的新奇物理效应,如碳纳米管热导率随长度的发散行为,硅纳米线中的声子相干性,以及石墨烯热传导性质的尺寸效应。文章侧重强调低维纳米材料热传导与宏观体材料热传导特性的本质区别。The conduction of heat in low-dimensional systems plays an important role in the thermal management of nanoscale devices,and is also a fundamental physical phenomenon in nature.In this work we address the fundamental physical aspects of thermal transport in various nanoscale materials,including nanotubes,nanowires and two-dimensional(2 D)materials.We demonstrate that phonon transport in one-dimensional nanomaterials is superdiffusive,which leads to violation of Fourier’s law.Moreover,using a core-shell nanowire as an example,the phonon coherent mechanism to reduce thermal conductivity is presented.Subsequently,we introduce recent theoretical and experimental studies of heat conduction in 2 D materials.

关 键 词：热传导 碳纳米管 半导体纳米线 石墨烯 二维材料 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]