钙钛矿/晶硅叠层太阳电池关键材料与技术研究进展  

Recent Progress on Key Material and Technology for Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

作　　者：李梓进 王维燕[2,3] 李红江[2] 黄金华[2] 徐清[1] LI Zijin;WANG Weiyan;LI Hongjiang;HUANG Jinhua;XU Qing(School of Materials Science and Chemistry Engineering,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ningbo 315201,China;State Key Laboractory of Silicon Materials,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学材料科学与化学工程学院,宁波315211 [2]中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所,宁波315201 [3]浙江大学硅材料国家重点实验室,杭州310027

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第21期21061-21071,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：宁波市科技创新2025重大专项(2018B10055);硅材料国家重点实验室开放课题(SKL2018-02)。

摘　　要：太阳电池要成为常规能源需不断提高光电转换效率、降低电池成本。叠层太阳电池采用不同禁带宽度的材料吸收太阳光,可减少高于带隙的高能量太阳光的热化损失,以及低于带隙的低能量太阳光不能被吸收的损失,提高电池光电转换效率。近几年,钙钛矿/晶硅叠层太阳电池因具有带隙匹配、光电转换效率高、工艺简单等特性,成为新兴的研究热点。经过近五年的发展,钙钛矿/晶硅叠层太阳电池的光电转换效率已被快速提升至28%。要实现高效的钙钛矿/晶硅叠层太阳电池,关键材料与结构的发展必不可少。钙钛矿/晶硅叠层电池主要包括四端和两端结构。其中两端叠层电池,因仅需要一个透明电极,有利于减少寄生吸收、降低成本,成为主流钙钛矿/晶硅叠层电池结构。除了结构改进外,开发高质量的关键材料对高效叠层电池也十分重要。首先,钙钛矿顶电池的金属电极需要替换成透明电极,使得透过顶电池的太阳光能被底电池吸收。目前主流的体系为透明导电氧化物。其次,钙钛矿顶电池的理想带隙为1.7~1.8 eV,因此需要开发高质量的宽带隙钙钛矿电池,以实现开路电压的增益。最后,两端叠层电池的中间界面层起复合载流子和调控光传输的双重作用,需要探寻具有优异光电特性的界面层材料。目前主流的中间界面层体系包括氧化铟锡、掺杂纳米硅以及含纳米硅的氧化硅薄膜等。虽然通过关键材料和结构的发展,叠层电池光电转换效率已经达到28%,但距43%的极限效率还有一定的差距,需进一步提高叠层电池的短路电流密度、开路电压等光伏特性参数。为提高叠层电池的短路电流密度,需降低载流子传输层、透明电极、中间界面层的寄生吸收损失,同时通过绒面结构、减反层、折射率匹配的界面层等光管理手段降低界面的反射损失。提高叠层电池开路电压的关键To make photovoltaic system be competitive with conventional energy resources,the levelized cost of electricity should be reduced. The straightforward approach to reduce cost is to raise the power conversion efficiency( PCE). Tandem solar cells,using high bandgap top cell combined with low bandgap bottom cell,can reduce the thermalization loss for high energy photons and sub-bandgap losses for low energy photons,as a result,increasing the PCE of solar cells. Recently,the emerging perovskite/crystalline silicon( c-Si) tandem solar cells,with the advantages of appropriate bandgap,high theoretical efficiency,and simple preparation processes,has made tremendous progress. The record efficiency for perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells is improved to 28%.The architecture of perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells mainly includes mechanically stacked four-terminal and monolithically integrated two-terminal configuration. Among them,the monolithic tandem solar cells,which only use one transparent electrode,can reduce the parasitic absorption and preparation cost,becoming the mainstream architecture. Besides configuration improvement,the development of appropriate materials for tandem solar cells is also of great importance. Firstly,the opaque metal electrodes in top perovskite solar cells should be replaced by transparent electrodes,in order that the bottom c-Si solar cells can absorb the transmitted infrared photons. The mainly used transparent electrode is transpa-rent conductive oxides. Secondly,the optimal bandgap of top perovskite solar cells is 1.7-1.8 eV. However,there is a strong deviation between open-circuit voltage and bandgap for wide bandgap perovskite solar cells. Thus,developing high performance wide bandgap perovskite solar cells is important to achieve high voltage and PCE of tandem solar cells. Thirdly,the interlayer between perovskite and c-Si subcells functions to recombine charge carriers and couple light into bottom cells,thus interlayer should possess intermediate refractive index,low parasitic absorption,

关 键 词：钙钛矿/晶硅叠层太阳电池 透明电极 中间界面层 宽带隙钙钛矿电池 光管理 

分 类 号：TM914.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]