石墨烯量子点:兼具高效和环保的新型超级电容器电极材料  

Graphene Quantum Dots:a Novel Supercapacitor Electrode Material thatCombines High Efficiency and Environmental Protection

作　　者：裴贺兵 莫尊理[1,2] 郭瑞斌 刘妮娟[1] 贾倩倩 高琴琴 PEI Hebing;MO Zunli;GUO Ruibin;LIU Nijuan;JIA Qianqian;GAO Qinqin(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学化学化工学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省军民融合先进结构材料研究中心,兰州730070

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第21期21093-21098,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51262027);甘肃省科技计划项目(17YF1GA017,17JR5RA082);甘肃省高等教育研究项目(2017A-002)。

摘　　要：石墨烯量子点(Graphene quantum dots,GQDs)自2008年首次被科学家发现以来,其制备方法和应用研究一直广受关注。随着科学技术的快速发展,人们对碳材料的研究从一开始的三维石墨、二维石墨烯,到一维碳纳米管,再到现在的准零维石墨烯量子点,经历了一个相对漫长的过程。石墨烯量子点具有特殊的物理和化学性质,比如量子限域效应、边缘效应、生物相容性、光致发光和电致发光等,使其在能量转换和存储、光电催化、荧光传感器、载药、生物成像和治疗诊断中的应用受到越来越多的关注。超级电容器是一种常见的储能装置,以充放电时间快、功率密度大和使用温度范围宽著称。基于碳材料的双电层电容和基于过渡金属氧化物、导电聚合物的法拉第赝电容材料是目前研究的热点问题,而石墨烯量子点作为碳材料家族的新秀,已经被应用在超级电容器电极材料中,或为单体材料,或与其他纳米材料复合,都表现出优异的性能。石墨烯量子点的主要制备方法有“自上而下”和“自下而上”两种。其中,“自上而下”法是将大尺寸的石墨烯及其他碳材料切割成小尺寸的量子点,而“自下而上”是以分子为前体,在一定条件下合成量子点。为了发挥石墨烯量子点和其他碳材料、过渡金属氧化物、导电聚合物等之间的协同作用,通过一步或者两步反应合成了石墨烯量子点与三维石墨烯、碳纳米管、活性炭、二氧化锰、二氧化铈、钴酸镍、聚苯胺等物质的纳米复合材料,其电化学性能优于单体材料,在很大程度上提高了超级电容器的整体性能。本文归纳了石墨烯量子点在超级电容器电极材料中的应用研究进展,分别对石墨烯量子点的制备方法、石墨烯量子点及其纳米复合材料作为超级电容器电极材料进行了介绍,为制备比电容高、能量密度高、循环稳定性优异和环境友Since the first discovery of graphene quantum dots( GQDs) by scientists in 2008,the preparation methods and application research have been widely concerned. With the rapid development of science and technology,researcher’s investigation on carbon materials has started from three-dimensional graphite,two-dimensional graphene,to one-dimensional carbon nanotubes,and now to quasi-zero-dimensional graphene quantum dots. It has gone through a relatively long process. Graphene quantum dots have special physical and chemical properties,such as quantum confinement effect,edge effect,biocompatibility,photoluminescence and electroluminescence. Their applications in energy conversion and storage,photocatalysis,fluorescence sensor,drug delivery,bioimaging and therapeutic diagnosis have attracted more and more attention.Supercapacitor is a common energy storage device,which is known for its fast charge and discharge time,high power density and wide temperature range. Carbon-based electric double layer capacitors and Faraday tantalum capacitor materials based on transition metal oxides and conductive polymers are hot issues,and graphene quantum dots,as a newcomer to the carbon material family,have been applied to supercapacitor electrode materials. Medium,either as a monomer material or in combination with other nanomaterials,exhibits excellent performance.The main preparation methods of graphene quantum dots are"top-down"and"bottom-up". The"top-down"method is to cut large-sized graphene and other carbon materials into small-sized quantum dots,while the"bottom-up"method is to synthesize quantum dots using molecules as precursors under certain conditions. In order to exert synergy between graphene quantum dots and other carbon materials,transition metal oxides,conductive polymers,etc.,graphene quantum dots and three-dimensional graphene,carbon nanotubes,activated carbon,and their composites are synthesized through one-step or two-step reactions. Nanocomposites of manganese oxide,cerium oxide,nickel cobalt oxide,polyaniline and

关 键 词：石墨烯量子点 超级电容器 电极材料 纳米复合材料 

分 类 号：TM53[电气工程—电器]