磁控电弧焊接过程及新技术研究进展  

Development of Magnetically Controlled Arc Welding Process and New Technology

作　　者：孙雅杰 常云龙[1] SUN Yajie;CHANG Yunlong(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳工业大学材料科学与工程学院,沈阳110870

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第21期21155-21165,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51575362);沈阳双百工程(Z17-5-070)。

摘　　要：电弧等离子体具有导电性,在不同类型的外加磁场作用下,电弧的形态、空间位置、电弧运动的特点发生改变,进而改变电弧行为,影响熔滴过渡过程,减少飞溅,对熔池流动也有重要影响。通过电磁搅拌作用可以提高焊缝成形及焊缝质量。在焊接过程中如何控制构件的形状和性能成为焊接过程中迫切需要解决的两大重要问题。研究发现,由于磁场的电磁搅拌作用,焊接接头的组织得到改善,晶粒变得细小均匀,焊接接头缺陷明显减少,焊缝表面由凹凸不平变得光滑,力学性能有所提高。磁场在焊接领域的应用过程中,产生了新技术及新设备,如磁控电弧增材制造技术、磁旋弧焊接技术等。本文主要阐述了低频及高频磁场对电弧焊接过程的影响,尤其对不同类型的磁场、不同参数及不同焊接方法作用下的电弧形态、熔滴过渡及熔池流动过程的影响进行探讨分析,重点介绍了磁控电弧增材制造技术、磁旋弧焊接技术等,并对磁控焊接技术的美好未来进行了展望,磁控焊接技术正逐步向高效化、自动化、智能化等发展。Under thediverse external magnetic field(EMF),the arc shape,spatial position and motion characteristics of arc are changed,as arc plasma is conductivity.The arc behavior,droplet transfer,the flow of weld pool are impacted by EMF,therefore,the Splash reduction,The weld formation and welding quality can be improved by electromagnetic stirring.How to control the arc shape and the mechanical properties of components in welding process has become two significance problems to be solved urgently,The study found that the microstructure of the welded joint can be improved,the grain size can be fine and uniform,the defects of the welded joint can be obviously reduced,the surface can be smooth,and the mechanical properties can be improved since the external magnetic field can achieve electromagnetic stirring.The new technology and new equipment have been produced with the application of magnetic field,such as addition manufacturing,magnetic rotating arc welding,etc.This review offers effects of low frequency and high frequency magnetic fields on arc welding process,especially under thediverse external magnetic field,parameters and welding methods,the arc morphology,droplet transfer and molten pool flow are analyzed.Magnetron arc additive manufacturing technology and magnetic rotation arc welding technology are mainly introduced.The bright future of magnetically controlled arc welding process is prospected.magnetically controlled arc welding is gradually developing in the direction of high efficiency,automation and intelligence.

关 键 词：外加磁场(EMF) 电弧焊接 组织 性能 增材制造(AM) 磁旋弧 

分 类 号：TG442[金属学及工艺—焊接]